Investigation of the statical distribution of echosignal

1.

Investigation
of the statical
distribution
of echosignal

2.

Introduction
Ultrasound has been widely used in
medical diagnosis and therapy as well
as non-destructive evaluation of
materials and structures. B-mode
ultrasound is the most widely used
imaging
mode in clinical settings, which is
obtained by processing backscattered
signals
through envelope detection,
logarithmic compression, and scan
conversion, etc.
However, it is a qualitative structural
imaging mode and can be affected by
post-processing parameters such as
the dynamic range.

3.

Description of
the ultrasound
machine
Ultrasound signals are widely used for
non-invasive medical imaging. They
provide real-time visualization of
internal organs and are essential for
diagnosing a wide range of
conditions. Ultrasound technology has
revolutionized the eld of diagnostic
medicine.

4.

The re ected echo
signal can be displayed
on the screen in
the following modes
А-mode
М-mode
В-mode
Doppler modes modes with
the construction of a three dimensional image (3D and
4D)

5.

А- mode
The one-dimensional method,
or A-method, consists in
registering the re ected signal
in the form of a peak
on a straight line (isoline) of
the electron beam scan on the
oscilloscope screen. W ith the
one-dimensional method of
investigation, the sensor is
installed in a certain position,
and the echo signals allow you
to determine the distance to
objects re ecting ultrasound
in
one
speci ed
sensing direction

6.

Doppler modes
Dopplerography is a non–invasive
method of examining blood ow.
The technique is based on the
use of the Doppler effect. The
essence of the effect is that
ultrasonic waves are re ected from
moving objects with a changed
frequency.This frequency shift is
proportional to the speed of
movement of the structures under
study - if the movement is directed
towards the sensor, then the
frequency increases, if away from
the sensor, then decreases. Using
the Doppler effect allows you to
calculate the speed of blood ow,
determine its violation in individual
vessels.

7.

Description of the
clinical database
Ultrasonic radiofrequency echoes
were received from focal breast lesions
in patients of the Institute of
Oncology in Warsaw. The data was
collected between 11/2013 and 10/2015.
The patients were examined by a
radiologist with 18 years of experience
in breast ultrasound examination. The
data set includes images of 52
malignant and 48 benign breast
tumors registered in a group of 78
women.All
malignancies
were
histologically assessed by puncture
biopsy. In the case of benign lesions,
some
of
them
were
examined
histologically, and the other part was
observed over a two-year period.

8.

Development of
mathematical model and
data review using the
MATLAB
mathematical environmet
The gure shows an altered
fragment of breast tissue obtained
from the data of the rst image, but
recreated
in
a
mathematical
environment using a mask overlay.Also
below is an example of a part
of the mathematical model with which
this transition is implemented.

9.

Development of
mathematical model and
data review using the
MATLAB
mathematical environmet
We also present some histograms
corresponding to the
zero class, that is, benign.
As we can see from the presented
images, we can observe a tendency
that in the presence of a benign tumor,
the
value of parameter “v” in the Rice
distribution increases. Let's turn to the
images describing malignant tumor.

10.

Development of
mathematical model and
data review using the
MATLAB
mathematical environmet
Example of a malignant tumor

11.

Development of
mathematical model and
data review using the
MATLAB
mathematical environmet
As we can see when considering a
malignant
neoplasm,
the
sigma
parameter in the Rice distribution is
much
larger. Here is an example of
histograms with a superimposed Rice.

12.

Conclusion
During the research work, a method for
evaluating a tumor
was proposed and a mathematical
model was developed, which will later
be presented
as software for evaluating the type of
tumor, and articles reviewing this topic
were also studied. Data and signal
processing
methods
have
been
studied.

13.

Thanks!