Cells and Organelles

1. Topic: Cells & Organelles

Topic: Cells & Organelles
Learning Objectives
• Explain the features of the structure and
functions of cell organelles visible under the
electron microscope;

2.

3.

Organelle
Function
Nucleus
DNA Storage
Mitochondrion
Energy production
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Lipid production; Detoxification
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Protein production; in particular for
export out of the cell
Golgi apparatus
Protein modification and export
Peroxisome
Lipid Destruction; contains oxidative
enzymes
Lysosome
Protein destruction

4. Discussion in groups of three

• Look at each of the following electron microgram,
list the following in the table provided.
• Answer these questions to achieve success
criteria
–
–
–
–
–
What organelle is it?
Where is mostly found in the cell?
List as many functions as possible.
Relate its function to its structure
Any unique or interesting fact.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14. 1

Organelle
• Function
– the substance that fills the cell.
• Structure
– the material or protoplasm within
a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
– It is made up of mostly water and
salt.

15. 2

Organelle
• Function
– Control center of the cell
– Contains DNA
• Structure
– Surrounded by a double membrane
– Usually the easiest organelle to see under a
microscope

16. 3

Type of cellular transport
– Requires ATP
– Includes Endocytosis &Exocytosis

17. 4

Organelle
Function
Boundary of the cell
Semi-permeable: controls what goes in and out
of the cell
Cell recognition
Structure
Made of a phospholipid bilayer
Contains protein channels, glycoproteins, and
carbohydrate chains

18. 5

Vocabulary Word
composed of several or many cells.

19. 6

Organelle
• Function
– Highway of the cell
– It makes lipid structures
• Structure
– Flattened disk-like structrures
– Does not have ribosomes

20. 7

Organelle
• Function
– Stores, modifies and packages proteins
– Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by
means of vesicles
• Structure
• Looks like a stack of plates

21. 8

Organelle
• Function
– Site of protein synthesis (makes proteins)
• Structure
– Found attached to rough ER or floating free in
cytosol

22. 9

Vocabulary Word
• Only allows only some materials
through
• Can cross membrane freely
– Small nonpolar molecules, such as
hydrocarbons
• Cannot cross membrane freely
– Large Polar molecules, such as sugars, do
not cross the membrane easily

23. 10

Organelle
Function
Site of food (glucose) production
Photosynthesis
Structure
Found only in plant cells
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Bound by a double membrane

24. 11

Organelle
• Function
– Highway of the cell
– it makes proteins structures
• Structure
– Connected to nuclear membrane
– Studded with ribosomes

25. 12

• Function
– “Powerhouse of the cell”
– Cellular respiration occurs
here to release energy for
the cell to use
• Structure
– Bound by a double
membrane
– Has its own strand of DNA

26. 13

Organelle
• Function
– Provides shape and structure
– Helps move organelles around the cell
• Structure
– Made of three types of filaments
• Microtubule
• Microfilament
• Intermediate filaments

27. 14

Organelle
• Function
– Cleans the cell
– ”Garbage disposal of the
cell”
• Structure
– Contain digestive
enzymes that break
down wastes

28. 15

Organelle
• Function
– Aids in cell division
• Structure
– Usually found only in
animal cells
– Made of microtubules

29. 16

• Phosphate
head
– hydrophilic –
attracted to
water
• Fatty acid tails
– Hydrophobic –
repelled by
water
• Arranged as a
bilayer
Vocabulary Word

30. 17

–
–
–
–
–
Vocabulary Word
These cells are larger and more complex than
prokaryotic cells.
Have a defined nucleus
Contains Organelles
Found in organisms made up of many cells.
Examples: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists

31. 18

Organelle
Function
Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc
Structure
Large central one in plant cells

32. 19

Vocabulary Word
• A eukaryotic cell in which all the organelles are contained in
membranes.
• Example: Human, dog, fish, bird
• Unique parts of the cell
– Centriole – a feature of animal cells important for coordinating
cell division

33. 20

Organelle
• Function
– Rigid, protective barrier
• Structure
– Located outside of the cell membrane
– Found in plant and bacterial cells (made of
peptidoglycan)
– Found in plants (made of cellulose)

34. 21

Vocabulary Word
• Genetic material. Encodes the genetic
instructions used in all living organisms and
many viruses.
• 4 different nucleotides in DNA
– Purines
• Adenine
• Guanine
– Pyrimidines
• Cytosine
• Thymine

35. 22

Vocabulary Word
(2 words)
• The cell membrane is described as this as this
– 1st word -individual phospholipids and proteins can move
side-to-side within the layer, like a liquid
– 2nd Word – a pattern that produces by the scattered protein
molecules when the membrane is viewed from above

36. 23

– Simple Diffusion
– Facilitated Diffusion
– Osmosis

37. 24

– Example: (Bacteria)
24
These cells are simple in structure
No structured nucleus
Exist as single-celled organisms
Bacteria is both helpful and harmful to us and the
environment.
Structure:
Capsule
Cell wall
Chromosomes
Cytoplasm
Flagellum (bacterial cells only)
Inner membrane
Outer membrane
Pili (bacterial cells only)
Ribosomes

38. 25

• Unique parts of the plant cell
– Cell wall – a feature that functions like stiff latticelike wall which helps maintain their structure and
shape
– Chloroplast – a feature that allows cells to do
photosynthesis and make their own glucose from
sunlight, water and carbon dioxide

39. 26

• having or consisting of a single cell.

40. 27

• A round body located inside the nucleus of
a eukaryotic cell. Makes ribosomal subunits
from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also
known as rRNA. It then sends the subunits
out to the rest of the cell where they
combine into complete ribosomes.

41. Answers

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Active Transport
Cell Membrane
Multicellular
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
7. Golgi Apparatus
8. Ribosome
9. Selective Permeability
10.Chloroplast
11.
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
21. DNA
22. Fluid
Mosaic
Model
12.
Mitochondria
13.
Cytoskeleton
14.
Lysosome
15.
Centrioles
16.
Phospholipids
25. Plant
17.
Eukaryote
26. Unicellular
18.
Vacuole
27. Nucleolus
19.
Animal Cell
20.
Cell Wall
23. Passive Transport
24. Prokaryote
Cell

42.

43.

44. Comparison of the structure and function of features of living organisms

45. Lesson objective/ Learning outcomes

1 - Describe the common behavior of protista in poster
2 –From the picture SEM find the organisms
and divide them into the kingdoms
3- Name the protista from the picture and
explain why is a protista?
4 – Find commonalities and differences
5 – Create ppt on type of protista

46. KEY CONCEPTS

Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic
organisms, most of which are
microscopic

47. Protista

Not a really valid “Kingdom”
Few real evolutionary relationships
Contains
Algae: “plant-like” protists
Protozoa: “animal-like” protists
Slime & Water molds: fungal-like
protists

48. What Are Protists?

“Dumping ground”
kingdom
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic and/or
autotrophic
Single or multicellular
Ancestors to animals,
plants, fungi

49.

Investigation of four different unicells. Prepare a
PowerPoint Presentation for the whole class and
include:
• 1 - One free living protist, which does not
participate in photosynthesis (for example,
ameba or infusorium- paramecium)
• 2 - One free living protist, which participates in
photosynthesis (for example, spirogyra or
evglena)
• 3 - One parasitizing protist (for example,
malarian parasite, plasmode or intestinal
parasite, Lamblia)
• 4 - One protist, which forms colony or large mass
(for example, Volvox or any other sea weeds)

50.

Presentation criteria may include:
Clear diagrams
A video clip of moving organism, if possible
Details of inner structure
List of inner structure functions
The role of organism in food web, for example, type
of feeding
• Special adaptation, allowing to survive in a definite
habitat

51. Fill the table

type of
the
protista
name of
protista
characte
ristics
photosynthesis does not
parasitizing colony or
photosynthesis
large
mass