Cell structure and types 8th grade

1.

1.1 Cell structure and types
8th grade
Yerbol Nurmaganbetov

2.

3.

Cell - basic unit of life
All living organisms are made of one or more cells
Example: Bacteria 1cell
Example:
Human ~75,000,000,000,000 cells

4.

Cell
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
No nucleus
Has nucleus
Bacteria
Animals,
Plants, Fungi,
Protists

5.

Organelles – parts of the cell which has
its own function

6.

Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Bacteria
Animals, Plants, Fungi,
Protists
Smaller cells
Cell wall, cell membrane,
cytoplasm, no nucleus
Bigger cells (20-100 times)
Cell membrane,
cytoplasm, mitochondria,
ribosomes, chloroplast,
endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi apparatus, lysosome,
vacuole, cell wall

7.

Cell
membrane
Covers the cell
Controls transport of
materials in or out
All the cells

8.

Cell wall
Hard
Protects the cell
Plants, fungi and
some protists

9.

Cytoplasm
Liquid part that
fills the cell

10.

Ribosome
Makes protein
All the cells

11.

Mitochondria
Produce energy
Eukaryotes

12.

Endoplasmic
reticulum
Makes proteins
and lipids
Transports proteins
and lipids
Eukaryotes

13.

Golgi
apparatus
Receives
Modifies
Packs
Eukaryotes

14.

Lysosomes
Small sac like
organelles with
digestive enzymes
Intracellular digestion

15.

Chloroplast
Makes
photosynthesis

16.

Vacuoles
Storage

17.

Microbiologist
Bacteria can be useful and harmful.
Microbiologists study these bacteria.
They use good things from bacteria;
they can make food or
pharmaceuticals.
Some bacteria can cause illnesses.
Microbiologists study them and help
people not to be ill.

18.

Record-breaker cells
The smallest bacteria – Mycoplasma – diameter – 0.2-0.4micrometer
The longest cell – Blue whale’s nerve cell – 10-30 meter long
“Sociable” cell – nerve cell – can connect up to 10,000 cells