Cells

1. Cell Types and Cell Structure

2. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic
vs.
no nucleus
no membrane enclosed organelles
single chromosome
no streaming in the cytoplasm
cell division without mitosis
simple flagella
smaller ribosomes
simple cytoskeleton
no cellulose in cell walls
no histone proteins
Eukaryotic
nucleus
membrane enclosed organelle
chromosomes in pairs
streaming in the cytoplasm
cell division by mitosis
complex flagella
larger ribosomes
complex cytoskeleton
cellulose in cell walls
DNA bound to histone proteins

3. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic
Examples:
Bacteria
vs.
Eukaryotic
Examples:
Plant cells
Animal cells
Fungi
Protists

4. Plasma Membrane

Plasma membrane
1. Surrounds Cells
2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in
plants
Plasma Membrane

5. Cytoplasm

1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up
the inside of the cell
Cytoplasm

6. Nucleus

1. Membranous nuclear envelope
2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones)
Nucleus

7. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness
is the attached ribosomes)
2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids
Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)

8. Ribosomes

1. Attached to Rough ER
2. Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes

9. Golgi Apparatus

(Golgi body, Golgi complex)
1. Assembly and editing of proteins
Golgi Apparatus

10. Lysosomes

1. Contain enzymes that break down and help
recycle large proteins in animal cells
Lysosomes

11. Mitochondria

1. Powerhouse - site of ATP synthesis
Mitochondria

12. Flagella and Cilia

1. Cell surface projections for movement
Flagella and Cilia

13. Microtubules and Microfilaments

1. Structural components of the cell
(cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes
Microtubules and
Microfilaments

14. Vacuoles

1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells contain
enzymes and pigments in plant cells
Vacuoles

15. Chloroplasts

1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells,
containing the chlorophyll pigments
Chloroplasts

16. Comparison: Plant cells Animal cells

Large, central vacuole
Chloroplasts
Rigid cell wall outside
of cell membrane
No large, central vacuole
No chloroplasts
No rigid cell wall