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Set the Environment VMware+Ubuntu

1.

Set the Environment
VMware+Ubuntu
2022.10.19

2.

Set the Environment
Vmware (option 1 – pro /trial for 30 days):
https://customerconnect.vmware.com/en/downloads/info/slug/desktop_end_
user_computing/vmware_workstation_pro/16_0

3.

Set the Environment
Vmware (option2- player/free):
https://customerconnect.vmware.com/en/downloads/details?downloadGroup=
WKST-PLAYER-1620&productId=1039&rPId=75725

6.

Choose the directory containing the downloaded file

8.

Click the square at the bottom to choose Terminal
or simply click right button on desktop

10.

Experiment 1
Linux operations and process creation

Basic Information
• Experiment Name
• Linux operations and process creation
• Experiment Purpose
• Master basic commands in Linux
• Master the way to edit, compile and execute programs in Linux
• Understand the system call fork()
• Experiment Requirements
• Try to execute some basic commands and analyze the results
• Use gcc to compile a program with fork() and analyze the
output
• 4 Classes
• Experiment Environment: VMWare + Linux (Ubuntu)

12.

Experiment Environment
• Click right button on mouse in the blank area and choose “open
in terminal”. Then try some commands and record the result.

13.

Experiment Content-I
• Use Ctrl+Alt to switch between Windows and Ubuntu
• Basic common commands
• Directory operations
• ls [-arg][dirName] //list the content of the working
directory, e.g. type ”ls -l” to list the details
• pwd //check what the current directory is
• cd [dirName] //change the working directory, e.g. type
“cd ..” to go to the parent directory
• du [dirName] //check the size of the directory

14.

Experiment Content-I
• Basic common commands
• File operations
• cat fileName //print the content of a file
• rm filename //remove a file
• cp [-arg] sourceFileName destinationFileName //copy a
file from the source to the destination
• mv sourceFileName destinationFileName //move a file
from the source to the destination
• ln sourceFileName destinationFileName //link a file from
the source to the destination

15.

Experiment Content-I
• Basic common commands
• Process operations
• ps [-arg] //check the current processes in the shell
• kill pid //kill the process which process id is “pid”
• Get help information of a command
• man command (type “q” to quit)
• command --help

16.

Experiment Content-II
• Type the following code in the created file and save it

17.

Experiment Content-II
• Compile
• Type gcc sourFileName –o executionFileName //compile a c
file to get an execution file
• Or type gcc sourceFileName //automatically compiled to
“a.out”
• Execute
• Type ./executionFileName //execute the file, e.g. “./a.out”
• In “./a.out”, “.” represents the current working directory.
• Or try to type the absolute path name of the obtained
execution file

18.

Experiment Content-II

19.

Experiment Content-II
• During the execution
• Use Ctrl+Z to suspend the execution and then type “fg” to
resume it (optional)
• Suspend a process and type “ps” to see the information of
this process in shell
• Use Ctrl+C to terminate the execution

20.

About fork()
• Fork() is used for creating a new process (child process)
• The process that makes the fork() call is the parent process
• both processes execute the next instruction following the fork()
system call
• A child process uses the same pc(program counter), same CPU
registers, same open files which use in the parent process
• It takes no parameters and returns an integer value
• Negative Value: unsuccessful
• Zero: Returned to the newly created child process
• Positive value: Returned to parent or caller. The value
contains process ID of newly created child process

21.

About fork()
• Try to predict what the output will be before execute it

22.

Experiment 2
Interprocess Communication

23.

Basic Information
• Experiment Name
• Interprocess Communication
• Experiment Purpose
• Master the way to communicate between two processes by
sending messages
• Experiment Requirements
• Use gcc to compile two programs (server.c and client.c) with
msgget(), msgsnd(), and msgrcv()
• Execute the file for server.c in background first and then
execute the file for client.c. Analyze the output
• 4 Classes
• Experiment Environment: VMWare + Linux (Ubuntu)

24.

Experiment Content
• Edit two files and execute them as follows

25.

Experiment Content
• getpid() is used to get the pid of the current process
• msgget(key, flag) is used either to create a new message queue
or to locate an existing queue based on a key
• msgqid=msgget(MSGKEY, 0777)
• msgqid=msgget(MSGKEY, 0777|IPC_CREAT) //Create the
queue if it doesn't already exist in the kernel
• msgsnd(msgqid,msgp,size,flag) is used to send a message (msgp)
to a message queue (msgqid)
• msgsnd(msgqid,&msg,sizeof(int),0) (in both client.c and
server.c)

26.

Experiment Content
• msgrcv(msgqid, msgp, size, type, flag) is used to receive a
message (msgp) from a message queue (msgqid)
• msgtyp specifies the type of message requested
• If msgtyp is 0, then the first message in the queue is read.
• If msgtyp is greater than 0, then the first message in the
queue of type msgtyp is read
• If msgtyp is less than 0, then the first message in the
queue with the lowest type less than or equal to the
absolute value of msgtyp will be read
• msgrcv(msgqid,&msg,256,pid,0) (in client.c)
• msgrcv(msgqid,&msg,256,1,0) (in server.c)

27.

Experiment Content
• Compile and Execution
• gcc –o executionFileName sourFileName //compile a c file to
get an execution file
• gcc sourceFileName //automatically compiled to “a.out”
• ./executionFileName //execute the file, e.g. “./a.out”
• Use Ctrl+Z to suspend the execution and then type “fg” to
resume it
• Suspend a process and type “ps” to see the information of
this process in shell
• Use Ctrl+C to terminate the execution

28.

29.

Experiment 3
Page Replacement Algorithms

30.

Basic Information
• Experiment Name
• Page Replacement Algorithms
• Experiment Purpose
• Master the basic idea of multiple page replacement algorithms
and know how to implement one of them
• Experiment Requirements
• Write a program to determine the content of page frames for
inputted page reference string based on one of PRAs
• Use gcc to compile it and analyze the output of execution
(need to input the frame number and reference string)
• 4 Classes
• Experiment Environment: VMWare + Linux (Ubuntu)

31.

Experiment Content
Framework of the program:
• For each page in the page reference string (array prs[i])
• Check if it is in the frames (array fr[j])
• If it’s in one frame, continue to check the next page
• If it is not, check if there is an empty frame (fr[j]=-1)
• Yes put the page into the empty frame (fr[j]=prs[i])
• No based on a certain algorithm (OPT, FIFO, or LRU),
select a page from the frames and then replace this
page with the new page (find j to put prs[i] in fr[j])

32.

Experiment 4
File System Operations and Design

33.

Basic Information
• Experiment Name
• File System Operations and Design
• Experiment Purpose
• Master how to design and implement a simple file system
which can provide several basic operations on a file
• Experiment Requirements
• Write a program to build a simple file system based on a few
relevant system calls, such as creat, unlink, read, write, open,
and close.
• Use gcc to compile it and analyze the output of execution
(need to use the provided commands to create, read , write,
and delete a file)
• 4 Classes; Experiment Environment: VMWare + Linux

34.

Experiment Content
• Create a file: fd=creat (filenamep, mode);
• Delete a file: unlink (filenamep);
• Read a file: fd=open (filenamep, mode);
nr=read (fd, buf, count);
close (fd);
• Write a file: fd=open (filenamep, mode);
nw=write (fd, buf, count);
close (fd);

35.

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)
#define BUFFSIZE 1024
#define MAX_FILENAME_LEN 100
void create_file(const char *fileName)
{
if(creat(fileName,FILE_MODE) < 0)
{
printf("Create file failed!\n");
}
else
{
printf("Create file successfully!\n");
}
}
void del_file(const char *fileName)
{
if(unlink(fileName) < 0)
{
printf("Delete file failed!\n");
}
else
{
printf("Delete file successfully!\n");
}
}
void print_file(const char *fileName)
{
int fd = -1;
int n;
char buf[BUFFSIZE];
fd = open(fileName,O_RDONLY);
if(fd < 0)
{
printf("Open file failed!\n");
return;
}
while((n=read(fd,buf,BUFFSIZE)) > 0)
{
if(write(STDOUT_FILENO,buf,n) != n)
{
printf("write error!\n");
return;
}
}