The Alash movement and the idea of a national state

1.

«Astana medical university»NJSC
”
Chair of social and humanitarian Sciences
Abstract :
«The Alash movement and the
idea of a national state»
Done by: Daut Aruzhan
Group: 152 GM
Checked by: Zhumangaliyev Meiram Kurmangaliyevich

2.

Plan:
Introduction
Main part
Alash movement
Kazakh national idea
05
Conclusion
Used literature

3.

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The Kazakh land has many glorious names that we
recall and remember. But for our history, the Alash
party, which, according to President Kassym-Jomart
Tokayev in his article “Independence Above All,” said
that the ideas of statehood and selfless service to the
Motherland should be reflected in all historical
works, both documentary and and artistic. An
example of this is the activities of prominent
representatives of the Alash movement. At the
beginning of the last century, they made a huge
contribution to the promotion of the idea of ​
Independence, becoming victims on the path to
freedom.

4.

Created in July 1917 by outstanding
representatives of the Kazakh
national democratic intelligentsia A.
Bokeikhanov,
M.
Shokai,
M.
Tynyshpayev, M. Dulatov and dozens
of other figures, the party stood at
the origins of national democracy
and became the peak of the national
liberation struggle of the Kazakh
people, which transformed into the
spiritual basis of modern and
independent Kazakhstan.
MAIN PART
04

5.

By its social nature, the Alash party was a political
organization of the Kazakh national democratic
intelligentsia. After leaving the political arena, figures of
the Alash movement in the 1920s made a significant
contribution to the development of culture, science and
the national economy of Kazakhstan. Despite repeated
amnesties declared by the Soviet government, active
participants in the movement were subjected to repression
during the Bolshevik struggle against the so-called
“nationalists” and “enemies of the people” in the late 1920s
and 1930s.

6.

Democratic educators looked for ways to form
Kazakh society and led the work of the Muslim
faction in the State Duma. On their initiative, the
magazine “Aykap” (1911), the newspapers “Birlik
Tuy”, “Sary-Arka”, “Akzhol” were created, which
carried out great propaganda and educational
work on their pages. The main goal of the Alash
Movement was to establish self-government of
the Kazakh people and create an independent
state. Active participants in the Movement were
repressed by the Soviet authorities in the process
of fighting the so-called “nationalists” and
“enemies of the people” in the late 1920s and
1930s. A whole galaxy of outstanding and
educated figures of the Kazakh people were
destroyed.
Aykap magazine

7.

The Alashorda figures were rehabilitated in 1955, but for another
thirty years they remained outside official history. Only in 19881989. By decision of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Kazakhstan, the creative heritage of A. Baitursynov, M.
Dulatov, Sh. Kudaiberdiev, M. Zhumabaev came out of the shadow
of history. Gradually, the names of the leaders of the Alash party
were returned to the people and their works were published.
And in honor of this historical event, on July 15, a book
exhibition “Alash kozgalysy zhane kazak ulttyk ideasy” was
organized in the reading room, dedicated to the
celebration of the 105th anniversary of the Alash
movement, which presented encyclopedias, reference
books, books reflecting the fate of the advanced Kazakh
intelligentsia - representatives of the movement "Alash".

8.

Guests of the exhibition will be introduced to
the history of the Alash movement by
publications describing the history of the
movement’s creation, such as: a three-volume
monograph by D.A. Amanzholova. “Alash: the
historical meaning of democratic choice”
(2013), in which the author described the
historical lessons of the democratic choice of
the Alash movement. Complementing and
deepening the analysis of history, it focuses on
current problems of organizational, political,
socio-economic and cultural activities of the
leaders of the movement, from their inception
to the final stage.
2

9.

All events from first persons convey the spirit of that
difficult and interesting time; a collection of legal
documents consisting of three volumes entitled “The
Alash Movement: a collection of materials from the
trials of the Alashites”, professor T.K. Zhurtbay
(Almaty, 2016), dedicated to the history of the
prosecution of Alashevites by the despotic Soviet
regime.

10.

The program of the Alash party adhered to the unification of
Kazakh society not on a class basis, but on the basis of national
unity.
The Alash party demanded the adoption of laws recognizing the
land as the property of the Kazakhs and the opening of schools and
universities with native language of instruction, advocated limiting
the process of resettlement of peasants to the Kazakh region,
granting the rights of freedom and equality to the poor. This
program ensured wide popularity for the Alash party.

11.

Despite the fact that all political structures were destroyed by
the Bolsheviks, the Alash movement did not immediately leave
the arena of political struggle. His principles were supported by
T. Ryskulov, S. Asfendiyarov, S. Kozhanov, S. Sadvakasov and
Zh. Mynbaev.
A number of leaders of the Alash movement did not leave the
arena of ideological activity. According to a number of sources,
in 1920, A. Bukeikhanov called on young people, influenced by
the ideas of “Alash” and not previously seen in open protests
against the Soviet regime, to join the Bolshevik Party, gain the
trust of the new government and thereby serve national
interests.

12.

Under Soviet rule, this call by the leader of the Kazakh intelligentsia was a kind
of way out of the current situation. Dozens of Alash residents, including S.
Sadvokasov, Y. Mustambayuly, Zh. Sultanbekov, N. Nurmakov, having joined
the ranks of the Bolshevik Party, participating in the exercise of supreme power,
thereby made every effort to ensure that Soviet power in Kazakhstan acquired
national content.

13.

In the issue of “Kazakhstanskaya Pravda” dated September 8, 2021, in an article
by Erkesh Nurpeisov, chief researcher at the Institute of State History, Sultan
Khan Akkula, director of the Alash Research Institute, ENU. L.N. Gumilyov,
entitled “The Origins of the Alash Movement,” talks about the idea of ​creating
Kazakh autonomy, which arose much earlier than the idea of ​revolution in the
Russian Empire.

14.

Conclusion
The emergence of the Alash movement for every Kazakh citizen
is a historical milestone in the identification of the Kazakh nation
itself with its unique and inimitable idea. And, thanks to the feat
and dedication of these extraordinarily brave and talented
people, we can undoubtedly keep an account of the modern
history of our country - Independent Kazakhstan.
The Alash party played a very large and constant role, not only
in the history of the twentieth century. The Alash residents were
devoted to those eternal values ​that we need most today: love
for the Fatherland and our people, selflessness, honesty, honor
and service to the people to the last drop of blood.

15.

Used literature
1. Zhanbosinova A.S. Brief encyclopedia
of the history of Alash and Alash-Orda /
ch. editor A.U. Kuvandykov; ed.: S.K.
Igibaev, G.M. Akhmetova. - UstKamenogorsk: Publishing house "Berel"
EKSU named after. S. Amanzholova,
2013. - 204 p.
2. History of Kazakhstan: encyclopedic
dictionary. – Almaty: Aruna, 2010. – P.3738
3. Kazakhstan: national encyclopedia /
ch. ed. B. Ayagan. – Almaty: Ch.
editorial office of “Kazakh
encyclopedias”, 2004. – P.168-169
4. Kydyralina J. Nation and history. –
Astana: Elorda, 2009. – 304 p.