Cell structure and function

1.

Cell
Structure and Function

2.

Objectives
● to understand that the cells are the basic unit of life
● to name and describe the function of organelles found in the cell
● to explain the differences between the animal and plant cell

3.

Cells
Cells are the building blocks of living things.
A cell is the smallest independent unit of a living thing.

4.

Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke was the first scientist to discover
cells.
In 1665, he used a microscope and observed
cork.
In the cork, he noticed little rooms, or “cells,”
like monks lived in.
This is how cells were named.

5.

Cell Theory
As scientists continued to study cells, they realized that:
1
All living things are made of cells.
2
A cell is the smallest unit of life.
3
Cells make more cells.

6.

7.

Cell membrane
• Protects the cell
• Controls what goes in and out of the cell
• In simple words, it acts like a security

8.

Nucleus
• Controls all activities of the cell (growth,
metabolism, transport and etc)
• Stores genetic material – DNA!
• It acts like a boss

9.

Mitochondria
• Is the powerhouse of the cell
• Aerobic respiration takes place in
mitochondria
• Its function is to produce energy for the cell

10.

Golgi body
• Processes, packages and sorts proteins and fats
destined to be exported from the cell
• You can compare it to a factory worker shown below

11.

Lysosome
• Breaks down cellular waste
• Have a lot of digestive enzymes
• Have a round shape
• Acts like a stomach

12.

Endoplasmic
reticulum
• Have two types:
1. Smooth
2. Rough (with ribosomes)
• It is a transportation system of the cell
• It produces important molecules like proteins

13.

• A jelly like substance that fills the cell
Cytoplasm
• Most chemical reactions take place in cytoplasm

14.

Ribosomes
• Have a round shape
• Are very small
• Produce proteins
• Can be found inside rough endoplasmic
reticulum

15.

How plant cells are different from animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast and permanent vacuole

16.

Chloroplast
• Can be found in plant cells
• Photosynthesis takes places in chloroplasts

17.

Vacuole
• A storage system of the cell
• It stores food and nutrients for the cell
• Can be found in plant cells
• It acts like a refrigerator

18.

- provides support and rigidity
- can be found inside the plant cell
- plant cell wall is made of cellulose