Pancreatitis

1.

Pancreatitis

2.

Acute pancreatitis
- Inflammation of the pancreas.
Symptoms of acute pancreatitis: sharp,
unbearable pain in the abdominal area.
Depending on which part of the gland
is inflamed, the localization of pain may
be in the right or left subcostal area, in
the pancreas, the pain may be
ambulatory. The course of pancreatitis
is divided into acute and chronic.

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4.

Pathogenesis
In the development of acute pancreatic
inflammation, the main factor is cellular
damage by prematurely activated enzymes.
Under normal conditions, digestive enzymes
are produced by the pancreas in inactive form
and are activated already in the digestive tract.
Under the influence of external and internal
pathological factors, the production
mechanism is disturbed and the enzymes are
activated in the pancreas

5.

Classification
Pancreatitis

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The mild form occurs with minimal damage to
organs and systems, expressed mainly by interstitial
edema of the gland, is easily treated and has a
favorable prognosis for a quick recovery.
Interesting fact:
If you go into the stomach chamber of a whale,
you will die because there is no oxygen, only
methane.

7.

The severe form of acute pancreatitis is characterized by the
development of marked disorders in organs and tissues, or local
complications (tissue necrosis, infection, cysts, abscesses).
The severe form of acute pancreatitis may be accompanied by:
acute accumulation of fluid inside the gland or in the peripancreatic
space, which may have no granulation or fibrous walls;
Pancreatic necrosis with possible tissue infection
acute false cyst
pancreatic abscess
Interesting fact:
Sharks are able to turn their stomachs
outward, clearing them of food cleanly

8.

Symptoms of acute pancreatitis
Pain syndrome. Pain may be localized in the epigastrium,
in the left subcostal area, it can be umbrella-like, irradiate
under the left shoulder blade. Pain is constant and
increases when lying on the back. Pain worsens after
taking food, especially - fat, spicy, fried, alcohol.
2. nausea, vomiting. Vomiting may be indomitable,
contains bile, brings no relief.
3. Increased body temperature.
4. Moderately pronounced jaundice of the sclerae. Rarely,
mild jaundice of the skin.

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Diagnostic
Gastroenterologists diagnose pancreatitis on
the basis of complaints, physical examination,
and detection of characteristic symptoms.
Hypotension and tachycardia are often noted
during measurement of blood pressure and
pulse. Laboratory tests of blood and urine,
MSCT and ultrasound of abdominal organs,
MRI of pancreas are used to confirm the
diagnosis.

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Treatment of acute
pancreatitis

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Therapeutic measures:
1.novocaine blockade and antispasmodics to relieve marked
pain syndrome;
2. starvation, ice on the area of the gland projection (creating local
hypothermia to reduce its functional activity), parenteral nutrition, aspirate
gastric contents, prescribe antacids and proton pump inhibitors;
3. pancreatic enzyme inactivators (proteolysis inhibitors);
4. necessary homeostasis correction (water-electrolyte, acid-base, protein
balance) by infusion of saline and protein solutions;
5. detoxification therapy;
6. antibiotic therapy (broad-spectrum drugs as prevention of infectious
complications.

12.

Surgical tactics is
indicated in the case of
detection:
1. stones in the bile ducts;
2. fluid accumulation in or around the
gland;
3. areas of pancreatic necrosis, cysts,
abscesses.