The passive

1.

THE PASSIVE
Starlight 8 Module 4а

2.

The passive (Страдательный залог)
Формообразование:
подлежащее + to be (в нужной временной форме)
+ past participle (V3)
Starlight 8 Module 4а

3.

The passive (Страдательный залог)
употребляется:
• когда очевидно или, напротив, неважно, кто выполняет действие:
The vase was broken. (We don't know who broke it).
The package will be delivered today. (Who will deliver it is unimportant).
Our exam papers have been corrected. (It's obvious that the teacher has
corrected our exam papers).
• когда само действие важнее, чем субъект, выполняющие его, например, в
заголовках новостей, газетных статьях, заметках, рекламе, инструкциях и т. п.:
Cell phones must be turned off during the examination.
• когда мы хотим избежать ответственности за какое-либо действие или когда
говорим о неприятном событии и не хотим говорить, кто виноват:
They were cheated out of their money.
• когда делается акцент на действующее лицо:
The announcement was made by the Prime Minister himself.
• чтобы сделать высказывание более официальным или вежливым:
My book has been torn. (More polite than saying "You tore my book.")
Starlight 8 Module 4а

4.

ДЕЙСТВ. ЗАЛОГ
СТРАДАТ. ЗАЛОГ
Present simple
Ben plants a tree.
A tree is planted by Ben.
Present continuous
Ben is planting a tree.
A tree is being planted by Ben.
Past simple
Ben planted a tree.
A tree was planted by Ben.
Past continuous
Ben was planting a tree.
A tree was being planted by Ben
Present perfect
simple
Ben has planted a tree.
A tree has been planted by Ben.
Past perfect
simple
Ben had planted a tree.
A tree had been planted by Ben
Future simple
Ben will plant a tree.
A tree will be planted by Ben.
Infinitive
Ben has to plant a tree.
A tree has to be planted by Ben.
Modal verbs
Ben might plant a tree.
A tree might be planted by Ben
Starlight 8 Module 4а

5.

Ex.7b, p.69
1. Steve put up the tent.
The tent was put up by Steve.
2. The mayor opened the UFO museum.
The UFO museum was opened by the mayor.
3. Lots of UFO-spotters visit Roswell, New Mexico.
Roswell, New Mexico is visited by lots o f UFO-spotters.
4. People are making preparations for the town's first UFO festival.
Preparations are being made for the town's first UFO festival.
5. Sam is starting a UFO tour in the area.
A UFO tour is being started by Sam in the area.
6. Locals have seen many strange lights in the desert.
Many strange lights have been seen by locals in the desert.
7. They will publish Bill's book about local mysteries next month.
Bill's book about local mysteries will be published next month.
Starlight 8 Module 4а

6.

Rewrite the headlines in Ex. 1 in the passive.
A FLYING SAUCER WAS
FLYING
CAPTURED
ON SAUCER
A RANCH IN
CAPTURED
ON RANCH
THE ROSWELL REGION.
IN ROSWELL REGION
STRANGE
THOUSANDS
LIGHTS
WITNESS
HAVE BEEN
WITNESSED
STRANGE LIGHTS
BY THOUSANDS
OVER
OF PHOENIX,
PEOPLE OVER
ARIZONA.
PHOENIX,
ARIZONA.
Starlight 8 Module 4а