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Landing gear systems

1.

LANDING GEAR
SYSTEMS
THIS TRAINING MANUAL HAS BEEN PREPARED FOR MAINTENANCE TECHNICIANS AND DOES
NOT SUPERSEEDED INFORMATION CONTAINED IN APPLICABLE AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTS
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Page 1 Aug 2007

2.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Will have a knowledge and
demonstrate of:
Landing gear system components,
safety warning indication, system
operation and maintenance.
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Page 2 Aug 2007

3.

LANDING GEAR SYSTEM
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Page 3 Aug 2007

4. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Aircraft Landing Gear, consists:
• Main Landing Gear.
• Auxiliary Landing Gear.
Where may or may not be retractable.
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Page 4 Aug 2007

5. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Main Landing Gear forms the principle support of the
aircraft on land or water (include any combination of
wheels, floats, skis, shock-absorbing, brake, retract
mechanism, controls and warnings).
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Page 5 Aug 2007

6. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 6 Aug 2007

7. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Auxiliary Landing Gear, consists of tail or nose wheel;
skids; necessary cowling.
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Page 7 Aug 2007

8. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Tricycle landing gear retractable are arrangement
with the Main Gears and Nose Gear.
Main gear consist of two oleo/pneumatic struts with
pair of wheels and brakes.
Nose gear steerable oleo/pneumatic.
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Page 8 Aug 2007

9. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Some of aircraft have dual wheels on strut and more
than two wheels referred to as “bogie”.
Retraction and extension by hydraulic with selector
lever in the flight compartment.
Alternate extension can be mechanically, pneumatic
compressor air.
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Page 9 Aug 2007

10. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 10 Aug 2007

11. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Shock strut contains hydraulic
that support aircraft on the
ground and protect structure
by absorbing shock load.
Consists of two telescopic
cylinder (inner and outer).
Lower chamber always filled
with fluid, the upper chamber
contains compressed air.
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Page 11 Aug 2007

12. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Orifice/metering pin between
two chamber provides a
passage of fluid during
extension retraction.
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Page 12 Aug 2007

13. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Controlling the rate of fluid
flow during compression.
Damping or snubbing on some
shock strut equipped to reduce
the rebound during extension
prevent rapidly extension of
shock strut.
Axle on shock strut to provide
for installation of wheels.
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Page 13 Aug 2007

14.

Fluid filler and air valve assembly to
provide of filling the strut with hydraulic
and inflating air.
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Page 14 Aug 2007

15. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 15 Aug 2007

16.

Packing gland
designed to seal
sliding also to
keep sliding
surface free form
dirt would result in
leaks.
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Page 16 Aug 2007

17. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Shock struts are equipped with
torque arm/link attached to upper
and lower cylinders to maintain
correct alignment of the wheel.
Nose strut provided with upper
locating cam attached to upper
cylinder and a mating lower
locating cam (centering cam), this
cam lineup to straight of wheel
when strut fully extended;
prevent possible structural
damage.
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Page 17 Aug 2007

18. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

When strut extends contacting
slopping area centering contact
and slides, so aligns and rotates
the nose gear into a straight a
head direction.
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Page 18 Aug 2007

19. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Shimmy damper attached on gear struts selfcontained hydraulic to prevent wheel fast leftright/flutter (oscillation) during rolling,
accomplished by metering of hydraulic fluid
through small orifice of two chamber.
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Page 19 Aug 2007

20. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 20 Aug 2007

21. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Shimmy Damper (Nose
wheel).
Control vibration or
shimmy through
hydraulic damping
and prevent shimmy
during take-off roll.
• Piston type.
• Vane type.
• Incorporated in the
nose wheel power
steering.
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Page 21 Aug 2007

22. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 22 Aug 2007

23. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Van type located just above nose wheel fork may be
mounted either internally or externally.
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Page 23 Aug 2007

24. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Steer damper is hydraulically operated, basically
containing rotary van-type (similar to vane-type).
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Page 24 Aug 2007

25. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Servicing shock strut:
• Jacking the aircraft.
• Release air valve slowly
(ensure the strut
compress).
• Fill the strut with
approved fluid to the level
service.
• Inflate the strut using
nitrogen air pressure.
• Tighten the air valve.
Inspect shock strut for
leakage and proper
extension.
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Page 25 Aug 2007

26. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 26 Aug 2007

27. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Torque Link-keep the landing gear straight is
attached to upper cylinder and lower cylinder of
shock strut.
Links are hinged while the cylinder can move up and
down.
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Page 27 Aug 2007

28. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

The strut attached to the
structure to enable the strut
swing.
Drag struts are hinged so the
landing gear can be retracted.
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Page 28 Aug 2007

29. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

An electric gear retraction, using motor converts
electrical energy to rotation.
Control by switch, the motor movement be reverse
while gear to down.
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Page 29 Aug 2007

30. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 30 Aug 2007

31. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 31 Aug 2007

32. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 32 Aug 2007

33. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 33 Aug 2007

34. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 34 Aug 2007

35. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 35 Aug 2007

36. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 36 Aug 2007

37. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 37 Aug 2007

38. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 38 Aug 2007

39. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 39 Aug 2007

40. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Landing gear safety devices.
Prevent collapse the gear when the aircraft is on the
ground.
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Page 40 Aug 2007

41. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 41 Aug 2007

42. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

To provide a visual indication of landing gear position,
indicators are installed in flight compartment.
A horn and lights comes on when one or more
throttles retarded and landing gear is other than
down and lock.
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Page 42 Aug 2007

43. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

NOSE
GEAR
NOSE
GEAR
NOSE
GEAR
NOSE
GEAR
LEFT
GEAR
RIGHT
GEAR
LEFT
GEAR
RIGHT
GEAR
LEFT
GEAR
RIGHT
GEAR
LEFT
GEAR
RIGHT
GEAR
L
A
UP
N
D
I
N
G
OFF
G
E
A
R
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Page 43 Aug 2007

44. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

45. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

46. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

47. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

NOSE
GEAR
NOSE
NOSE
GEAR
GEAR
NOSE
GEAR
NOSE
GEAR
LEFT
RIGHT
LEFT
RIGHT
GEAR
GEAR
GEAR
GEAR
LEFT
GEAR
RIGHT
GEAR
LEFT
GEAR
RIGHT
GEAR
LEFT
GEAR
RIGHT
GEAR
L
A
UP
N
D
I
N
G
OFF
G
E
A
R
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Page 47 Aug 2007

48. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

49. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Ground Lock.
Prevent collapse the
gear when the aircraft
is on the ground,
additional safety
devices are installed
(ground lock pins)
which have red tape
REMOVE BEFORE
FLIGHT.
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Page 49 Aug 2007

50. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 50 Aug 2007

51.

Steering system,
provide nose wheel
steering capabilities
through mechanical
linkage to the rudder
pedal.
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Page 51 Aug 2007

52.

LANDING GEAR SYSTEM
Brake system used for slowing, stopping, holding or
steering aircraft.
Brakes are installed in each main landing gear wheel,
entire brake system inspected about supply hydraulic
pressure.
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Page 52 Aug 2007

53.

LANDING GEAR SYSTEM
Three type brake systems are:
• Independent systems.
• Power control systems.
• Power boost systems.
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Page 53 Aug 2007

54.

LANDING GEAR SYSTEM
Three type brake systems are:
• Independent systems.
On small aircraft it has own reservoir and is
independent of the hydraulic system.
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Page 54 Aug 2007

55. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Three type brake systems are:
• Power control systems.
Used on aircraft requiring a
large volume of fluid to
operate brake.
A check valve traps hydraulic
pressure accumulator which
store fluid pressure and acts
as a surge.
Control valves regulate and
control pressure to actuates
the brakes.
Shuttle valve isolating the
emergency system for the
normal brake system.
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Page 55 Aug 2007

56. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

A pressure ballcheck power brake
control valve.
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Page 56 Aug 2007

57. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Sliding spool type power brake control valve.
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Page 57 Aug 2007

58. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 58 Aug 2007

59. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Power boost system.
Brake the de-booster cylinder
are used with power brake
control valve on aircraft with a
high pressure hydraulic system
and low pressure brakes.
Brake de-booster cylinder
reduce pressure to the brake
and increase the volume of
fluid flow.
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Page 59 Aug 2007

60. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Three type brake systems are:
• Power boost systems.
Are used on aircraft that land too fast to employ the
independent brake but are too light in weight to
require power brake control valve.
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Page 60 Aug 2007

61. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 61 Aug 2007

62. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

BRAKE ASSEMBLY, common used are:
• Single-disk.
• Dual-disk.
• Multiple-disk.
• Segmented rotor or expander tube.
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Page 62 Aug 2007

63. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 63 Aug 2007

64. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Single-disk and Dual-disk are commonly use on small
aircraft.
Multiple-disk normally used on medium aircraft.
Segmented rotor or expander tube found on heavier
aircraft.
Braking action on Single-disk by applying friction to
both sides of rotating disk.
Dual-disk similar to the single-disk.
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Page 64 Aug 2007

65. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 65 Aug 2007

66.

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Page 66 Aug 2007

67. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 67 Aug 2007

68. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Inspection and Maintenance.
Proper fluid level to prevent brake failure or air into
the system, removed by bleeding the system.
Two methods of bleeding brake system:
• From top downward (gravity method)
• Bottom upward (pressure method)
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Page 68 Aug 2007

69. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 69 Aug 2007

70. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

WHEELS.
Provide the mounting for tires which absorb shock on
landing, support the aircraft on ground and assist
ground control during taxi, take-off and landing.
Wheels usually made from aluminum or magnesium,
provide strong, light weight; there are:
• Split wheel (most popular)
• Removable type.
• Drop center fixed flange type.
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Page 70 Aug 2007

71. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Split type
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Page 71 Aug 2007

72. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Removable type
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Page 72 Aug 2007

73. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Fixed flange, drop
center type
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Page 73 Aug 2007

74. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

TIRES.
Aircraft tires tubeless or tube type, that provide a
cushion of air help absorb the shocks.
Tire construction with a size designation of 26 x 6.6
• 26 inches outside diameter (A).
• 6.6 inches width (B).
• 10 inches rim diameter (C).
A xx B
BR
-C
A
C
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Page 74 Aug 2007

75. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Tubeless tire similar to
tube tire, they have a
rubber inner liner that
mated to the inside
surface of tire for
retain air.
Beaded area is
designed to form a seal
with the wheel flange.
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Page 75 Aug 2007

76. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Wear indicators built
into some tires as an
aid in measuring tread
wear.
These indicators are
holes in the tread area
lands in the bottom of
groove.
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Page 76 Aug 2007

77. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Cord body, multiple
layers to provide
flexible and give tire
strength, resist internal
pressure, maintain tire
shape.
Ply rating refer to the
number of cord fabric
plies.
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Page 77 Aug 2007

78. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Cord body, multiple
layers to provide
flexible and give tire
strength, resist internal
pressure, maintain tire
shape.
Breakers are one or
more plies of cord to
provide extra reinforce
prevent damage of tire.
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Page 78 Aug 2007

79. LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

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Page 79 Aug 2007

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