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The brain stem
1.
The brain stem2.
The brain stemConsists of
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
3.
Principle Brain Arteries4.
BasicStrucrure of
Brain Stem
1. Roof Plate
2. Tegmentum
3. Basal Portion
5.
PonsVentral (Basilr) surface
Bulbopontine sulcus: from
medial to lateral, the abducent,
facial and vestibulocochlear
nerves appear
Pontopeduncular sulcus:
oculomotor N.
Basilar part: pyramids
Basilar sulcus
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Trigeminal nerve
Pontocerebellar trigone: the junction
of medulla, pons and cerebellum
6.
7.
8.
PonsDorsal surface
Superior cerebellar
peduncle
Superior medullary
velum
Trochlear nerve
9.
10.
Internal structuresGray matter
Cranial nerve nuclei
Relay nuclei
11.
Components of Cranial Nerves12.
Cranial NervesColumns of
Brain Stem
Motor Column
1. GSE
2. SVE
3. GVE
Sensory Column
4. VA (GVA & SVA)
5. GSA
6. SSA
13.
Internal structuresTegmentum of pons
directed upward continuation of
medulla oblongata
Basilar part
contain both longitudinal and
transverse fibers intermixed with
pontine nuclei
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
The characters of internalstructure of brain stem
21.
General somatic motor nucleiNucleus of abducent n.
Nucleus of hypoglossal n.
22.
General somatic motor nucleiNucleus
Site
Cranial n. Function
Nucleus of
abducent n.
Pons
Ⅵ
Lateral rectus
Nucleus of
hypoglossal n.
Medulla
Ⅻ
Muscles of tongue
23.
Special visceral motor nucleiMotor nucleus of trigeminal n.
Nucleus of facial n.
Nucleus ambiguus
Accessory nucleus
24.
Special visceral motor nucleiNucleus
Site
Cranial n.
Function
Motor nucleus of
trigeminal n.
Pons
Ⅴ
Masticatory muscles
Nucleus of facial n. Pons
Ⅶ
Facial m., platysma,
posterior belly of digastric,
stylohyoid, stapedius
Nucleus ambiguus
Medulla
Ⅸ,Ⅹ.Ⅺ
Skeletal m. of pharynx,
larynx and upper part of
esophagus
Accessory nucleus
MedullaⅪ
cervical cord
Sternocleidomastoid,
trapezius
25.
General visceral motor nucleiSuperior salivatory
nucleus
Inferior salivertory
nucleus
Dorsal nucleus of
vagus n.
26.
General visceral motor nucleiNucleus
Site
Cranial n. Function
Superior salivatory
nucleus
Pons
Ⅶ
Submandibular,
sublingual and lacrimal
glands
Inferior salivatory
nucleus
Medulla
Ⅸ
Parotid gland
Dorsal nucleus of
vagus n.
medulla
Ⅹ
Many cervical,
thoracic and abdominal
viscera
27.
General somatic sensory nucleiPontine nucleus of
trigeminal n.
Spinal nucleus of
trigeminal n.
28.
29.
General somatic sensory nucleiNucleus
Site
Pontine nucleus
of trigeminal n.
Pons
Spinal nucleus of Medulla
trigeminal n.
Cranial n. Function
Ⅴ
Tactile sensation
of head
Ⅴ
Pain and
temperature
sense of head
30.
31.
Special somatic sensory nucleiCochlear nuclei
Vestibular nuclei
32.
33.
Special somatic sensory nucleiNucleus
Site
Cranial n. Function
Cochlear
nuclei
Pons and
medulla
Ⅷ
Sense of hearing
Vestibular
nuclei
Pons and
medulla
Ⅷ
Sense of
equilibrium
34.
Relay nucleiGracile nucleus
Cuneate nucleus
Inferior olivary nucleus
Superior olivery nucleus
Pontine nucleus
35.
Non-cranial nerve nucleiNucleus
Site
Gracile nucleus
Medulla (underneath gracile tubercle)
Cuneate nucleus
Medulla (underneath cuneate tubercle)
Superior olivery nucleus
Pons
Pontine nucleus
pons
36.
White matterAscending tracts
Medial lemniscus
Spinal lemniscus
Trigeminal lemniscus
Lateral lemniscus
37.
Medial lemniscus38.
39.
Spinal lemniscus40.
Trigeminal lemniscus41.
42.
Lateral lemniscus43.
44.
Descending tractsCorticospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract
Reticulospinal tract