Conditionals. Условные предложения в английском языке

1.

Conditionals
Условные предложения в английском языке

2.

2 части предложения
• Main clause – основное
• If-clause (condition) – условное
• Не только if:
Unless
Providing
Provided (that)
As long as
In case
On condition (that)
Otherwise
Or else
What if
Supposing
Even if
Only if
• If you don’t reserve a ticket, you won’t get a
seat.
• Unless you reserve a ticket, you won’t get a
seat.
• Only if you reserve a ticket, you will get a
seat.
• Reserve a ticket, otherwise you won’t get a
seat.
• What if he doesn’t reserve tickets, will you
still go with him?
• Supposing he reserves wrong tickets, will you
still go with him?
• Will you still go with him even if he reserves
wrong tickets.

3.

5 типов условных предложений
Тип
Смысл
Пример
IF
Then
Нулевой (Zero)
Факты, истинное положение вещей.
If you click here, the dialog box appears.
When I wake up early, I feel awful
If you are walking alone, avoid dark streets.
If you have heard an alarm, call the police.
Present
Past
Present
Past
If I see him tomorrow, I will talk to him
If he is sleeping, you will wake him up
Present
Первый (First)
Реальное будущее, но с долей
вероятности.
Also:
Imperative
Modal
Future
Also:
Imperative
Modal
Второй (Second)
Нереальное настоящее, нереальное
будущее
If I saw him, I would tell him
If I lived 200 years, I would read all the books.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do it.
If technology were to become available, we would be able to expand our
business.
Past Simple
Past Simple + to + V
Would + V
Modals (could, should, might, must)
Третий (Third)
Нереальное прошлое
If I had seen him, I would have told him
Past Perfect
Would + have + V3
Modals + have+ V3
Смешанный (Mixed)
2+1, 2+3, 3+2,
любые варианты в
соответствующих
контекстах.
Возможное прошлое условие,
гарантированный исход в будущем
If they were playing all day, they will be tired now
Past Simple
Future Simple
Нереальная ситуация в прошлом,
условие справедливо для настоящего
If I were clever, I wouldn’t have told him
If it wasn’t for her, we would have finished already
Past Simple
Would + have + V3
Нереальная ситуация в
настоящем/будущем, условие было в
прошлом
If I had won the lottery, I would now live in France
Past Perfect
Would + V

4.

Примеры Zero
• If I wash the dishes, he dries them.
• If the fruit is soft, it’s ready to eat.
Past:
• If my uncle caught fish, he always gave it to us.
• If it rained, we went by bus.

5.

Примеры First
If I see Anna, I’ll tell her.
If she doesn’t arrive by five, we’ll leave without her.
If you finish the work early, we’ll go for a walk.
If you’re ill, see a doctor.
Modal:
• If we get there in time, we can sit at the front.
• If you have finished your coffee, we can pay the bill.
Going to:
• If he says that again, I’m going to cry.

6.

Примеры Second
• If I got a job, I’d move to Paris.
• If you lived here, we’d meet more often.
• If I were you, I’d call them.
• If I had money, I would travel around the world.
Modal:
• If you came here, you could stay with us.

7.

Примеры Third
• If he had called me, I would have helped him.
• If we hadn’t left so early, we would have missed the flight.
Modal:
• If he had asked me, we could have fixed it.

8.

Примеры Mixed
• If I were rich, I would have offered them help.
• If your parents hadn’t met, you wouldn’t be sitting here.

9.

Использование Will после If
Обычно после if не используется will, would, should. Однако, мы можем это сделать в следующих
ситуациях:
Предназначение использования
Пример:
Результат основного предложения
Open the window if it helps you to sleep
Open the window if it will help you to sleep
Просьбы со значением «если хотите» либо «если
вы настаиваете»
If you will/would take your seats, we can begin the
meeting.
If you will stay, you may face consequences.
Реальные ситуации с неодобрением
If you will stay up late, I’m not surprised.
Отказ от чего-либо через will not = won’t
There’s no point in talking to them if they won’t listen.
Передача ранее озвученного предложения через
условие
- John will be here tomorrow
- If John will be here tomorrow, we’ll talk to him

10.

Еще пара нюансов
• Мы можем опустить if:
• Для предложений с should, were, had:
• If I were you, I would speak to her -> Were I you, I would speak to her.
• If he had known, he would have told us -> Had he known, he would have told us.
• Мы используем were вместо was для всех лиц во втором
conditional:
• If I were you…
• If he were a better player

11.

Пунктуация
• If I meet him, I’ll tell him
• I’ll tell him if I meet him.