Неличная Прямая Речь. Определение

1. Non-Personal Direct Speech

(Represented Speech)

2. Definition

Represented speech –
a fusion of the author’s speech and the speech of one of the
characters.
Несобственно-прямая речь –
это форма передачи чужой речи, сочетающая
в себе элементы прямой и косвенной речи.

3. The morphological structure of Non-Personal Direct Speech:

• the character is referred to
in the 3rd person;
• the verbs and pronouns are
of the same form;
• the Past Indefinite tense is used.

4. Features that distinguish represented speech from the author’s narration:

• The use of interrogative and exclamatory
sentences.
• Elliptical, one-member sentences,
aposiopesis, abrupt, broken, logically
disconnected sentences, parcellation.
• Repetitions of all kinds, parallel constructions.

5. Graphon is the imitation of phonetic peculiarities of a character’s speech.

Граффон – стилистически релевантное искажение
орфографической нормы, отражающее
индивидуальные или диалектные нарушения нормы
фонетической .

6. Cases of graphons:

The graphon th stands for the letter s – showing the speech of
those who have a lisp (шепелявость):
E.g. Your thervant! Thith ith a bad pieth of buthineth…”
Ch. Dickens “Hard Times”
Dropping of H-s’: (cockney feature ) : ‘
E.g. ave (=have); ‘at (=hat); ‘is (=his); ‘ope (=hope)
The substitution of the diphthong [ai] for the diphthong [ei]:
E.g. Is that my wife? I see it is, from your fyce.
The tendency of turning th into d:
E.g. You know dat one Nigger dat belongs…

7. Two uneven groups of represented speech:

• Represented inner speech • Represented uttered
expresses only thoughts of
speech used when the things
one of the personages which
are materialized and the
were not materialized in
words are said by somebody.
spoken or written language.
E.g. Is
E.g. Over
and over he was asking
himself: would she receive him
(or would she recognize him),
what should he say to her…
Irene at home? No, she was
not. She went with Bosinney
to have a look at a new
building.

8. Stylistic Use of Phraseology:

Phraseological units

9. definition

Phraseological units
are all the blocks larger as one, the meaning of which isn’t equal to the
sum of its components’ meanings but a result of their interaction.
Фразеологическая единица –
лексически неделимое, устойчивое в своем составе и
структуре, целостное по значению
словосочетание, воспроизводимое в виде готовой
речевой единицы.

10.

Set
expression
Allusion
Proverb
phraseologisms
Paradox
Saying
Quotation
Epigram

11. Intertextuality

It is connected with phraseology. You know, all
the texts are created under the influence of
other texts. When creating some new novel
the author has a kind of discussion with
previous writers. This gives a new depth to
the novel.

12. A proverb is a short, familiar, epigrammatic saying expressing popular wisdom or truth, or moral lesson in a concise

imaginative way.
E.g. An Englishman’s house is his castle.
East or West – home is best.
Every cloud has a silver lining.

13. Saying differs from a proverb. It is not expressed so completely as the proverb.

E.g. Tit for tat (око за око, зуб за зуб).
By hook or by crook (правдами и неправдами).
To beat about the bush (ходить вокруг да около).

14. Epigram resembles a proverb, but it differs from it as well as saying. Epigram is always created by men of letters.

E.g. Sweet is revenge, especially to women. (Byron)
Mighty is he, who conquers himself. (W.S. Maugham)
Art is triumphant when it can use convention as an
instrument of its purpose. (W.S. Maugham)

15. Allusion is a reference to a well-known literary historical or mythological source.

E.g. It’s no use pretending that we are Romeo and Juliet.
It was our plan to make it a day just like Xmas or any big
holiday.

16. Quotation is a repetition of a phrase or a statement from a book, speech, and the like used by way of illustration, proof or

speculation on
the matter in question.
E.g. To be or not to be, that is the question! (Shakespeare)
Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. (Shakespeare)
To know that nothing could be known. (Socrates)

17. Paradox is a statement which though it appears to be self-contradictory, nevertheless involves truth or, at least, an element

of truth.
E.g. Loving hate, heavy lightness.
(Shakespeare)
Wine costs money, blood costs nothing.

18. violation of phraseological units

is such a phenomenon, when phraseological unit is treated as a
free combination (that is, one of the parts may be substituted, or
some other changes are to be allowed).

19. The types of decomposition or violation of phraseological units:

• substitution of one word for
another often antonymous to
the first
E.g. While there’s life, there’s hope. While there’s
death, there’s hope.
• extension or prolongation
E.g. Familiarity breeds contempt, - and children.
• reduction
E.g. a friend in need (is a friend indeed)
• cumulation of different
phraseologisms
E.g. A bitch in time breeds contempt
• splitting of the phraseologisms E.g. A thing of beauty is a joy for ever – A thing
and introducing some other
of beauty you are not but perhaps you are a
element
joy for ever.

20. Phraseologisms may undergo different transformations

E.g. Take care of the pence and the
pounds will take care of themselves.
Take care of the sense and the sounds
will take care of themselves.
Take care of the minutes and the hours
will take care of themselves.