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Flight controls
1.
FLIGHT CONTROLSMENU
System presentation
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2.
We will beginthis module by
explaining
the
basic concept of
the “Fly By Wire“
system.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
System presentation
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3.
Thishas
the
advantage of saving
weight
on
the
aircraft,
However,
there
are, even greater
advantages as the
video
clip
will
demonstrate.
In conventional
aircraft,
the
movement of the
control column is
transferred
along
cables and pulleys,
until it reaches the
control surface to
be moved.
In
the
A320
family however, the
cables and pulleys
have been replaced
by electrical wires.
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MENU
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4.
FLIGHT CONTROLSMENU
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5.
FLIGHT CONTROLSMENU
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6.
FLIGHT CONTROLCOMPUTERS
The electrical signals created by sidestick
movement travel through flight control computers
before being passed to the surface hydraulic
actuators, also named servo controls.
These computers analyze the signal to check that
it is a safe command and ensure the optimum flight
control surface deflection for the demand.
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MENU
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7.
FLIGHT CONTROLCOMPUTERS
This has advantages over conventional
systems. It :
• makes the aircraft extremely stable,
• enhances safety,
• reduces the workload of the pilot.
Let’s now look at the flight control
surfaces themselves.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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8.
LAIL
R
AIL
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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9.
RAIL
L
AIL
L
ELEV
R
ELEV
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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10.
RAIL
L
AIL
PITCH TRIM
L
ELEV
R
ELEV
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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11.
RAIL
L
AIL
PITCH TRIM
L
ELEV
RUD
R
ELEV
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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12.
SPD BRKL
AIL
R
AIL
PITCH TRIM
L
ELEV
RUD
R
ELEV
The flight control system incorporates:
Ailerons,
Elevators,
A Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer (THS) for pitch trim,
A rudder,
Ground spoilers/Speed brakes.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
System presentation
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13.
SPD BRKL
AIL
R
AIL
PITCH TRIM
L
ELEV
RUD
R
ELEV
Now let’s introduce the ECAM F/CTL page.
You can see that all the flight control surfaces
we have talked about are displayed. We will now
see them in more detail.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
System presentation
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14.
The movements of both ailerons and bothelevators are symbolized by a green index moving
in front of a white scale.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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15.
The green rudder symbol is used as an index to displaythe movements of the rudder on a white scale.
The rudder trim is indicated by a small blue line below
the scale.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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16.
Note that the rudder and the pedaldeflections are limited as a function of speed
via a rudder travel limiter.
High speed position
The high speed position is indicated by
small white ticks on the rudder scale.
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MENU
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17.
The PITCH TRIM position is indicated by THSdeflection in degrees up or down.
Let’s continue with the spoilers.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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18.
Thespoilers
functions:
have
several
• Speed brakes use the 3 central
surfaces,
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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19.
• Roll control uses the four outersurfaces,
On the video, look at the left spoilers
as they deploy, then at the right ones as
the wings are leveled .
Click on the video window to start it !
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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20.
• Ground spoilers use all surfaces.On the video, watch as all the spoilers deploy
at touchdown.
Click on the video window to start it !
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
System presentation
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21.
On the ECAM F/CTL page, the spoiler extended positionis indicated by small arrows. This is the speed brake case.
All these control surface indications will be explained in
more detail in the normal and abnormal operation modules.
Now, we will look at the flight control computers.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
System presentation
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22.
Flight control computersSEC 1
ELAC 1
FAC 1
SEC 2
ELAC 2
FAC 2
SEC 3
The movements of the flight control surfaces are managed by seven computers. These are:
Two ELevator and Aileron Computers (ELAC),
Three Spoiler and Elevator Computers (SEC),
Two Flight Augmentation Computers (FAC).
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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23.
ELAC 1ELAC 2
FCDC 1
FCDC 2
SEC 1
In addition, two Flight Control Data
Concentrator computers (FCDC) are
used to acquire data from the ELAC and
SEC. Then, they send it to the EIS.
SEC 2
SEC 3
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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24.
ELAC 1However, the data from both FAC is
sent directly to the EIS.
ELAC 2
FCDC 1
FCDC 2
SEC 1
SEC 2
FAC 1
SEC 3
FLIGHT CONTROLS
FAC 2
MENU
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25.
ELAC 1ELAC 2
SEC 1
SEC 2
SEC 3
The status of ELAC and SEC is indicated on the ECAM
F/CTL page. The other computers are not displayed.
These indications will be seen in more detail in the
abnormal operation module.
Now, we will see the hydraulic aspect.
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MENU
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26.
Three independent hydraulic systems are used to power all the flight control surfaces.FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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27.
The hydraulic systems which actuate eachcontrol surface are indicated on the ECAM F/CTL
page by the use of G, B and Y.
For example, the rudder is powered by the
Green, Blue and Yellow hydraulic systems.
The ECAM F/CTL page is now complete.
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MENU
System presentation
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28.
Pilots control pitch and roll through two sidesticks.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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29.
There are associated side stickpriority lights.
Side sticks and priority lights will
be explained in a separate module.
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MENU
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30.
Pitch trim wheels are located onthe center pedestal.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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31.
There are two setsconventional rudder pedals.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
System presentation
of
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32.
A RUD TRIM panel is located onthe pedestal.
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MENU
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33.
A speed brake lever is located onthe left side of the pedestal.
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MENU
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34.
In addition, there are two panels, locatedon the overhead panel to control the flight
control computers .
Now,
we
will
introduce
augmentation devices.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
the
lift
System presentation
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35.
There are 5 slats on eachleading edge ...
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
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36.
and 2 flaps on each trailingedge.
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37.
SFCC 1SFCC 2
The slats and flaps are hydraulically actuated like
all the other surfaces. They are electrically controlled
via two Slat Flap Control Computers (SFCC).
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MENU
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38.
SFCC 1SLAT CHANNEL
FLAP CHANNEL
SFCC 2
SLAT CHANNEL
FLAP CHANNEL
Each SFCC has two channels, one for the flaps
and one for the slats.
Each channel can drive its associated surfaces.
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MENU
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39.
The flap lever, located on the rightside of the pedestal, operates the slats
and flaps.
The flap lever has the following
positions:
0, 1, 2, 3 and FULL.
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MENU
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40.
The flaps and slats information is shown on the E/WD.The flap and slat positions are indicated by white dots.
Here, the surfaces are extended to position 1+F.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MENU
System presentation
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41.
This is Flap 0 indication. Notice there is no labeling withthis setting.
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MENU
System presentation
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42.
The slats and flaps are fitted withprotection functions.
In particular, Surface asymmetry
between left and right wing, Surface
attachment
failure,
Overspeed
or
uncommanded movement are detected.
All these protections will be seen in
detail in the abnormal operation
modules.
Module completed
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MENU
System presentation
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NEXT
43.
LIST OF SUBJECTSFLIGHT BY WIRE
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
ECAM PAGES
COMPUTERS
HYDRAULIC
CONTROLS
SLATS and FLAPS
AUDIO
GLOSSARY
RETURN
FLIGHT CONTROLS
FCOM
EXIT
MENU
System presentation
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