Subject Predicate

1. TYPES OF SUBJECT

2. Ways of Expressing the Subject

1) A noun in the common case
• The sun rises in the East.
• Oh, my dear Richard, Ada’s is a noble heart. (Dickens)

3. Ways of Expressing the Subject

2) A pronoun – personal, demonstrative, defining, indefinite, negative,
possessive, interrogative
• All were glad to see him.
• Who did it?

4. Ways of Expressing the Subject

3) A substantivized adjective or participle.
• The rich continue to become richer and the poor to become poorer.

5. Ways of Expressing the Subject

4) A numeral (cardinal or ordinal)
• The first and fourth stood beside him in the water. (Wells)

6. Ways of Expressing the Subject

5) An Infinitive, an infinitive phrase or construction.
• To swim is pleasant.
• To swim in the ocean is fantastic!

7. Ways of Expressing the Subject

6) A gerund, a gerundial phrase or construction
• Reading is pleasant.
• Winning the war is what counts. (Heym)

8. Ways of Expressing the Subject

7) Any part of speech used as a quotation.
• No is his usual reply to any request.

9. Ways of Expressing the Subject

It
notional
grammatical

10. Notional Subject

• The door opened. It was opened by a young girl of
thirteen or fourteen. (Dickens)
• It is Jane.
• It was a large room with a great window. (Dickens)

11. Impersonal It

• It often rains here in autumn.
• It is stuffy in here.
• It is ten to five.
• How far is it from here to the center?
• It is a long way to the station.

12. Introductory It

• It’s no use disguising facts.

13. Emphatic It

• It was Winifred who went up to him. (Galsworthy)

14. TYPES OF PREDICATE

15. Types of Predicate

• SIMPLE
• COMPOUND

16. Simple Predicate

• She likes ice-cream.
• He came to the desk hastily.

17. Simple Predicate

• My friend gave me an interesting book to read.
• The man gave a violent start.

18. Phraseological Predicate

• Verb + Common Noun
• Verb + Abstract Noun

19. Verb + Common Noun

• have a smoke
• have a swim
• take a look

20. Verb + Abstract Noun

• get hold
• make use
• take care

21. Compound Predicate

Compound Predicate
Nominal
Verbal

22. Compound Nominal Predicate

• She is exhausted.
• The film is great.
• He is a lawyer.

23. Compound Nominal Predicate

link verb + predicative

24.

GO
Her face went pale.
(link verb)
He has just gone out.
(verb of complete predication)

25.

to lie, to sit, to die, to marry, to return, to come, to go
The poor woman sat amazed.

26. Link Verbs

• link verbs of being and remaining
• link verbs of becoming

27. Link Verbs of Being and Remaining

to be, to remain, to keep, to smell, to stand, to seem
The door remained wide open.

28. Link Verbs of Being and Becoming

to become, to get, to grow, to run, to turn
They got married last year.

29. Predicative

• Noun in the Common Case
He is a doctor.
This dress is my sister’s.

30. Predicative

• Adjective
He feels bad.
The orange tastes bitter.

31. Predicative

• Pronoun
• It was he.
• The guns were his.

32. Predicative

• Numeral
• He is 26.
• He was the first to answer at the exam.

33. Predicative

• Prepositional Phrase
• The things were outside her experience.

34. Predicative

• Infinitive
• The best thing is for you to revise everything
for the exam.

35. Predicative

• Gerund
• My favourite sport is swimming.

36. Predicative

• Participle
• He was surprised at the sound of his own voice.

37. Objective Predicative

They painted the door green.

38. Compound Verbal Predicate

• Compound Verbal Modal Predicate
• Compound Verbal Aspect Predicate

39. Compound Verbal Modal Predicate

• Modal Verb + Infinitive
• He could swim well in his childhood.
• He might be somewhere there now.

40. Compound Verbal Modal Predicate

• Modal Expressions
• We were to meet at the station.
• We had to stay home.

41. Compound Verbal Modal Predicate

• Verb with a modal meaning + Infinitive/Gerund
• I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
• He tried to overcome his fears.

42. Compound Verbal Modal Predicate

• Modal Expression + Infinitive/Gerund
• He was obliged to show them around.
• He was willing to join the team.

43. Compound Verbal Modal Predicate

• Subjective Infinitive Construction
• He happened to have been there at that moment.
• She is believed to be smart.

44. Compound Verbal Aspect Predicate

• He went on reading the book paying no
attention to the people around.
• He used to have a pet in his childhood.

45. Mixed Types of Predicate

• Compound Modal Nominal Predicate
• Compound Aspect Nominal Predicate
• Compound Modal Aspect Predicate

46. Compound Modal Nominal Predicate

• He greatly longed to be the next heir himself.

47. Compound Aspect Nominal Predicate

• I continued to be glad for that.

48. Compound Modal Aspect Predicate

• I had to begin living all over again.