Unit 5 - exam practice

1.

Listening Part 1
You will hear a woman called Janet Naylor talking about her experience as a volunteer in Tanzania.
For questions 1 -8, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
Janet can now do voluntary work because she is free of (1) ……………….
Most of Janet's friends were (2) ………………. by her decision to volunteer.
Janet disagrees with people who say that she is (3) ………………. the people she is
trying to help.
Janet advised on a project to improve (4) ………………. in a farming community.
The scheme aimed to make the villagers less (5) ………………. on outside assistance.
The villagers had relied on (6) ………………. from charities to survive.
Janet's job was to help the villagers sell any (7) ………………. crops.
Janet believes that the (8) ………………. of the village have been changed dramatically
by the scheme.

2.

Part 1
For questions 1–8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Mark
your answers on the separate answer sheet.
Seasonal affective disorder
Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, is a type of depression that follows the seasons, with most SAD
sufferers (0) C symptoms during winter months. Symptoms include disturbed sleep and difficulty
staying awake during the day. For many, SAD is a (1) …………… condition which causes (2) ……………
discomfort, but no severe suffering. This form of SAD is referred to as ‘winter blues'. For others,
however, it is a serious illness which might (3) …………… them living a normal life.
SAD is a response to the (4) …………… of daylight hours and lack of sunlight in winter. It is mainly
found (5) …………… people living in high altitudes. It is rare within 30 degrees of the Equator where
daylight hours are long and constant. The relationship between reduced daylight and SAD is not (6)
…………… understood. It is thought that it affects the brain’s production of serotonin and melatonin,
but precisely why depression is triggered by a fall (7) …………… the production of these hormones is
unknown. The most common treatment (8) …………… SAD is light therapy in which sufferers are
exposed to a very bright light for up to four hours per day.
0
A confronting
B addressing
C experiencing
D finding
1
A mild
B weak
C gentle
D slight
2
A the
B some
Ca
D no
3
A limit
B prevent
C obstruct
D prohibit
4
A weakness
B shortage
C failure
D shortening
5
A by
B on
C among
D between
6
A visibly
B highly
C clearly
D extremely
7
A from
B to
C in
D of
8
A with
B for
C of
D by

3.

Part 2
For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space.
Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your
answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
Example:
0
U
P
Sleep deprivation is a widespread problem affecting (0) ….UP…. to 45% of people
globally, posing risks to (1) ………… mental and physical health. (2) ………… the belief that
young individuals quickly recover from sleep deficits, a recent study challenges this idea.
Thirteen participants in their 20s, subjected to 30% sleep deprivation over ten nights,
showed incomplete cognitive recovery even after seven nights of unrestricted sleep.
While reaction times improved, aspects (3) ………… memory and mental processing
speed exhibited lingering deficits. Chronic sleep deprivation significantly impairs
attention, problem-solving, and decision-making, highlighting the close link between
sleep and cognitive functions.
The brain needs uninterrupted sleep cycles to absorb new skills, form essential
memories, and facilitate cellular repair. (4) ………… a single night of insufficient sleep
disrupts cognitive functioning markedly. The societal implications extend to impaired
driving and an elevated risk of conditions (5) ………… as Alzheimer's and dementia.
(6) ………… this study underscores is the enduring impact of sleep deprivation,
particularly among the younger demographic, urging heightened awareness and the
implementation of strategies to foster and sustain healthy sleep patterns. Pivotal to
preventing the adverse effects of sleep deprivation is promoting good sleep hygiene,
with (7) ………… prioritizing a minimum of seven hours of sleep, adopting a balanced
lifestyle, or addressing sleep issues contributing to overall well-being. (8) ………… should
the severity of sleep deprivation be underestimated, and its consequences demand
proactive measures for a healthier and more vigilant society.

4.

Part 3
For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some
of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at
the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer
sheet.
Example:
0
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
Sleep patterns
It is estimated that around one in five people have a sleep (0)
disorder of some kind, affecting their ability to get enough sleep.
In particular, people who are (1) ………… - an increasing problem
around the world – often suffer from sleeping difficulties. Most of
the results of this lack of sleep are relatively minor, such as
tiredness, rritability and (2) ………… , and the effects are not longlasting. However, longer-term sleep deprivation can have more
serious consequences and can be (3) ………… to physical and
mental health. For example, it can result in high blood pressure
and can affect a person's(4) ………… , reducing their ability to think
and respond quickly.
Recent(5) ………… research has shown that people need seven to
eight hours of sleep on average, although this figure is (6) …………
on such factors as age and health. For example, for infants the
(7) ………… is much higher, about 16 hours a day, while older people
tend to sleep less deeply and for a shorter time, often needing
about the same amount of sleep as they do in late (8) ………… .
ORDER
WEIGH
FORGET
HARM
ALERT
SCIENCE
DEPEND
REQUIRE
CHILD

5.

Part 4
For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
Example:
Do you mind if I watch you while you paint?
OBJECTION
Do you ……………………………………………... you while you paint?
0
have any objection to my watching
1. It's no secret that John moved to a part-time job so that he could spend more time
playing golf.
ORDER
It's no secret that John moved to a part-time job ………………………………….. able to spend
more time playing golf.
2. All the tickets have been sold, so it is impossible to rearrange the concert at this stage.
QUESTION
All the tickets have been sold, so ………………………………….. the concert at this stage.
3. I hadn’t seen Mia for over 20 years, but | didn't find it difficult to recognise her at the
airport.
DIFFICULTY
I hadn’t seen Mia for over 20 years, but I had ………………………………….. her at the airport.
4. Although Clara and Mark have very different personalities and interests, they seem to
have a good relationship.
ALONG
Although Clara and Mark have very different personalities and interests, they seem to
………………………………….. another very well.
5. They didn’t mention the subject of unpaid holidays until the end of the interview.
BRING
Not until the end of the interview ………………………………….. the subject of unpaid holidays.
6. I've made my mind up, so it is useless to discuss this further.
POINT
I've made my mind up, so ………………………………….. this further.

6.

Part 8
You are going to read an article for graduates joining the job market. For questions 1-10
choose from the sections (A-D). The sections may be used more than once.
In the exam, mark your answers on a separate answer sheet.
Which sport
allows players to hit a ball with equipment and parts of their body?
1
is based on a traditional native sport?
2
allows players to use their bodies to obstruct their opponents?
3
makes the wearing of protective equipment optional?
4
disapproves of players looking at what they are doing?
5
often receives funding from business?
6
is not played all the year round?
7
is played mainly for pleasure and relaxation?
8
has a ball which is designed to be picked up easily?
9
involves contestants holding on to part of each other’s clothing?
10

7.

Unusual national sports
A. Glima is by far the oldest form of wrestling in
Iceland. The most widespread version of the sport is
Brokartok glima, in which two wrestlers attempt to
trip and throw each other by grasping a belt worn
around their opponent’s waist and thighs. To win, a
wrestler must make his opponent touch the ground
with a part of his body between the elbow and the
knee. Wrestlers have to stand straight and are not
allowed to fall on their opponents or to push them
down by force. Most importantly, when they are
fighting they should always look over each other's
shoulders, because it is considered more
gentlemanly to wrestle by touch and feel than by
sight. This form of glima has always been a friendly
recreational sport, but there are other versions
which are played much more violently.
B. Hurling is an outdoor sport played mainly in
Ireland. Players use an axe-shaped wooden stick,
called a hurley, to hit a small ball between the other
team's goalposts, either over or under the crossbar.
Fewer points are scored if the ball goes over the
crossbar. The ball can be caught in the hand and
carried for no more than four steps, or hit in the air
or on the ground with the stick. It can also be kicked
or slapped with an open hand. A player who wants
to carry the ball further than three steps has to
bounce or balance it on the end of the stick. No
special clothing or padding is worn by players, but a
plastic helmet with a faceguard is recommended.
C. The official national sport of Argentina is Pato, a
game which is played on horseback and combines
elements of two other sports: polo and basketball.
The sport, which is thought to have begun over four
hundred years ago, consists of two teams of four
members each. Teams fight for possession of a ball
which has six conveniently sized handles, and score
by throwing the ball through vertically positioned
rings, located at the top of three-metre-high poles.
A closed net, extending downwards, holds the ball
after goals are scored. The winning team is the one
with the most goals scored after six periods of eight
minutes. The word pato is the Spanish for duck, as
in the past, instead of using a ball, a live duck was
used inside a basket.
D. Lacrosse is an outdoor team sport in which
players use netted sticks to pass and catch a hard
rubber ball. The aim is to score goals by propelling
the ball into the opponent's goal. The team which
scores more goals wins. Lacrosse is Canada’s
national summer sport and is also becoming more
and more popular in the USA. Each team is
composed of ten players: three attackers, three
midfielders, three defenders and one goaltender. In
men's lacrosse, players wear protective equipment
on their heads, shoulders, arms and hands, as bodychecking is an integral part of the men’s game and
stick-checks to the arms and hands are considered
legal.
E. Tejo is a Colombian sport in which players hurl a
metallic plate weighing around two kilograms
through the air to try to hit a clay-filled box with
gunpowder in the middle. When the disc hits this
target, there is a loud explosion. Whichever team
causes more explosions wins. Turmeque, a much
more ancient version of the sport, has been played
for over 500 years by the indigenous groups living in
the different parts of Colombia. The modern game
itself is no different from this, except that today
players use a metal disc rather than one made of
gold or stone. Nowadays in Colombia it is very
common to find professional tejo teams in the major
cities and towns. Most teams are sponsored by local
companies.