Стилистические средства синтаксиса и приемы композиции отрезков текста

1. Стилистические средства синтаксиса и приемы композиции отрезков текста

2. Стилистическая инверсия

Talent Mr. Micawber has; capital Mr. Micawber
has not (Dickens.)
with fingers weary and worn (T h.Hооd)
A good generous prayer it was (Twain)
Rude am I in my speech.
My dearest daughter, at your feet I fall. (Dryden.)
In went Mr. Pickwick. (Dickens.) Down dropped
the breeze. (Coleridge.)

3. Обособление (Detached Construction)

... Steyne rose up, grinding his teeth, pale,
and with fury in his looks. (Thackeray.)
Sir Pitt came in first, very much flushed,
and rather unsteady in his gait. (Thackeray.)
And he walked slowly past again, along the
river — an evening of clear, quiet beauty, all
harmony and comfort, except within his
heart. (Galswоrthy.)

4. Эллипсис

Под эллипсисом понимается
умышленное опущение какоголибо члена предложения в
литературно-письменном типе
речи.
So Justice Oberwaltzer — solemnly and
didactically from his high seat to the jury.
(Dreiser.)

5. СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЙ И ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

Риторический вопрос
Литота

6. Степень утверждения положительного признака в литотах зависит от значения отрицаемого слова и от структуры отрицания

And when Glyde was introduced to her,
she beamed upon him in a melting and
sensuous way which troubled him not a
little. (Dreiser)
Soames, with his set lips and his
squared chin was not unlike a bulldog
(Galsworthy.)

7. Сложное синтаксическое целое

But a day or two later the doctor was not
feeling at all well. He had an internal malady
that troubled him now and then, but he was
used to it and disinclined to talk about it.
When he had one of his attacks he only
wanted to be left alone. His cabin was small
and stuffy, so he settled himself on a long
chair on deck and lay with his eyes closed

8. Параллелизмы

The seeds ye sow — another reaps, The
robes ye weave — another wears, The
arms ye forge — another bears."
"It is the mob that labour in your fields
and serve in your houses, — that man
your navy and recruit your army, — that
have enabled you to defy all the world..."

9. Обратный параллелизм (хиазм)

два предложения следуют одно за
другим, причем порядок слов одного
предложения обратный порядку слов
другого предложения.
Down dropt the breeze, the sails dropt
down." (Coleridge.)

10. Нарастание

Your son is very ill — seriously ill —
desperately ill.
Little by little, bit by bit, and day by day, and
year by year she began to forget him.
He sacrificed his business, his home, and
his honor for political gain

11. Антитеза (Противопоставление)

В целях создания контрастной
характеристики описываемого явления,
данное явление часто сопоставляется с
другим, логически ему
противоположным:
They speak like saints and act like devils.
The proletarians have nothing to lose but their
chains. They have a world to win

12.

The cold in clime are cold in blood,
Their love can scarce deserve the
name; But mine was like a lava flood
That boils in Etna's breast of flame.

13. Контрастное противопоставление

контраст (противопоставление)
характеров
контраст (противопоставление)
внешнего и внутреннего, формы и
содержания.
противопоставление ожидаемого
действительному, истинному.
контраст символов.

14. ПОВТОРЫ (Repetition)

Под лексическим повтором
понимается повторение слова,
словосочетания или предложения в
составе одного высказывания
(предложения, сложного
синтаксического целого, абзаца) и в
более крупных единицах
коммуникации, охватывающих ряд
высказываний.

15. Анафора

For that was it! Ignorant of the long and
stealthy march of passion, and of the state
to which it had reduced Fleur; ignorant of
how Soames had watched her, seen that
beloved young part of his very self fair,
reach the edge of things and stand there
balancing; ignorant of Fleur's" reckless
desperation beneath that falling picture, and
her father's knowledge there of — ignorant
of all this everybody felt aggrieved.

16. Эпифора

"I am exactly the man to be placed in a
superior position, in such a case as
that. I am above the rest of mankind, in
such a case as that. I can act with
philosophy, in such a case as that."

17. Кольцевой повтор (framing)

Poor doll's dressmaker! How often so
dragged down by hands that should have
raised her up; how often so misdirected
when losing her way on the eternal road
and asking guidance! Poor, little doll's
dressmaker!

18. Анадиплосис (подхват или стык)

"A smile would come into Mr.
Pickwick's face: a smile extended
into a laugh: the laugh into a roar,
and the roar became general."

19. Корневой повтор

"То live again in the youth of the young."
(J. Galsworthy.) или: "He loves a dodge
for its own sake; being . . . the
dodgerest of all the dodges." (Ch.
Dickens.)
Schemmer, Karl Schemmer, was a
brute, a brutish brute. (J. London.)

20. Синонимический повтор

для выражения одной и той же
мысли используются
синонимические средства.
The poetry of earth is never dead . .
. The poetry of earth is ceasing
never . .

21. Ретардация (Suspense, or retardation)

композиционный прием, сущность
которого заключается в оттяжке
логического завершения мысли под
самый конец высказывания. Задержка
развития действия включением в
текст внефабульных элементов —
лирических отступлений, различных
описаний (пейзаж, интерьер,
характеристика).

22. Например:

Mankind, says a Chinese
manuscript, which my friend M. was
obliging enough to read and explain
to me, for the first seventy thousand
ages ate their meat raw." (Charles
Lamb)

23. Перечисление

стилистическая фигура, представляющая
собой однородные члены — дополнения
(обычно существительные),
нераспространенные и
распространенные, зависящие от
сказуемого, однозначного по
лексическому значению. Эти однородные
члены могут распространять, простые
предложения, а могут быть вставлены в
сложное предложение.

24. Например:

The principle production of
these towns... appear to be
soldiers, sailors, Jews, chalk,
shrimps, officers, and dock-yard
men.