49.92M

Category:

biology

Мышечная Система

Origin / Insertion / Action
Origin / Insertion
• Описывают места прикрепления мышц к костям
• Обычно Origin описывает крепление мышцы к более стабильной
кости, а Insertion- к более подвижной кости.
Action
• Действие мышцы - описывает то, что происходит,
когда более подвижная кость
приближается к более стабильной кости
во время сокращения мышцы.
Условные обозначения, которые обычно
описываются с анатомической позиции.

3.

4.

5.

Occipitofrontalis
Origin: superior nuchal line
Insertion: брови и лоб
Action: поднимает брови и делает морщины на лбу

6.

Temporalis
Origin: Temporal bone
Insertion: Mandible
Action: elevation and retraction of mandible (closing jaws)

7.

Masseter
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: ramus of mandible
Action: elevation and protrusion of mandible (closing jaws)

8.

Orbicularis oculi
Origin: medial orbit
Insertion: around orbit margin
Action: closing eyelids

9.

Orbicularis oris
Origin: maxilla and mandible
Insertion: lips membrane
Action: compression and protrusion lips (kiss)

10.

11.

Platysma
Origin: mandible
Insertion: fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid
Action: оттягивает уголки рта вниз и расширяет его

12.

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
Origin: temporal bone and nuchal line
Insertion: manubrium of sternum, medial clavicle
Action: unilateral - наклон в ту же сторону, ротация в противоположную
bilateral - neck extension upper cervical
neck flexion lower cervical

13.

Longus coli + capitis
Origin: C1-C6, Occipital bone
Insertion: C3-T3
Action: Neck and head flexion

14.

Splenius capitis + cervicis
Origin: Nuchal ligament, lateral occiput, C1-C4
Insertion: spinous proc. C7-T6
Action: head and neck extension

15.

Trapezius
Origin: nuchal line, spinous process C7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Action: elevation, depression, retraction and upward rotation of
scapula

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

Upward Rotation

22.

Anterior Scalene
Origin: transverse processes of C3-C6
Insertion: 1-st rib
Action: neck flexion

23.

Middle Scalene
Origin: transverse processes of C2-C7
Insertion: 1-st rib
Action: neck side flexion, 1-st rib elevation при усиленном дыхании

24.

Posterior Scalene
Origin: transverse processes of C5-C7
Insertion: 2-nd rib
Action: neck side flexion, 2-nd rib elevation при усиленном дыхании

25.

Levator Scapulae
Origin: transverse processes C1-C4
Insertion: superior part of medial border of scapula
Action: scapula elevation, downward rotation

26.

27.

Serratus posterior superior
Origin: nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T3
Insertion: 2-4 ribs
Action: ribs elevation

28.

Serratus posterior inferior
Origin: spinous process T11-L2
Insertion: 8-12 ribs
Action: ribs depression

29.

30.

Intercostal muscles

31.

32.

External Intercostal
Origin: inferior border of ribs
Insertion: superior border of ribs below
Action: движение ребер при дыхании

33.

Internal Intercostal +
Innermost Intercostal
Origin: inferior border of ribs
Insertion: superior border of ribs below
Action: движение ребер при дыхании

34.

35.

Rectus Abdominis
Origin: pubis
Insertion: xiphoid of sternum, 5-7 costal cartilage
Action: trunk flexion, pelvic tilt

36.

Transverse Abdominis
Origin: 7-12 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest
Action: compression and support abdomen

37.

Internal Oblique
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion: 10-12 ribs inferior border, linea alba
Action: compression and support abdomen, flex and rotate trunk

38.

External Oblique
Origin: 5-12 ribs
Insertion: linea alba, pubis, iliac crest
Action: compression and support abdomen, flex ipsilateral and
rotate trunk contralateral

39.

40.

Iliopsoas - Psoas major
Origin: transverse processes and bodies of T12-L5
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Action: hip flexion, lumbar side flexion

41.

Iliopsoas - Iliacus
Origin: iliac fossa, alla of sacrum
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it, psoas
major tendon
Action: hip flexion

42.

43.

44.

45.

Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: 12-th rib, lumbar transverse processes
Insertion: iliac crest
Action: extension and lateral flexion spine

46.

Erector spinae - Iliocostalis
Origin: posterior iliac crest, sacrum and inferior lumbar
Insertion: ribs and cervical transverse processes
Action: bilateral – extension of spine
unilateral – spine side flexion

47.

Erector spinae - Longissimus
Origin: sacrum and inferior lumbar spinous processes
Insertion: ribs, cervical and thorasic transverse processes and
temporal bone
Action: bilateral – extension of spine
unilateral – spine side flexion

48.

Erector spinae - Spinalis
Origin: spinous processes
Insertion: spinous processes
Action: extension of spine

49.

50.

51.

Transversospinal - Semispinalis
Origin: transverse proc. cervical and thoracic
Insertion: superomedialy to spinous proc. thoracic and cervical
Action: extension head, neck and thorax

52.

Transversospinal - Multifidus
Origin: sacrum, PSIS, vertebrae, transverse proc.
Insertion: 2-4 segments superomedialy to spinous proc.
Action: stabilization during movement

53.

Transversospinal - Rotatores
Origin: transverse proc.
Insertion: lamina 1-2 segments superomedial
Action: stabilization during movement, rotation

54.

55.

56.

57.

Pectoralis major
Origin: Clavicular head- medial clavicle
Sternocostal head- sternum, 1-6 costal cartilages
Insertion: lateral humerus
Action: humerus adduction and internal rotation

58.

Pectoralis minor
Origin: 3-5 ribs
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: Stabilization of scapula

59.

Subclavius
Origin: 1-st rib
Insertion: inferior clavicle
Action: depression clavicle, stabilization

60.

Serratus anterior
Origin: 1-8 ribs lateral parts
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: scapula protraction, upward rotation and stabilization

61.

62.

63.

Latissimus dorsi
Origin: spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae,
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 ribs
Insertion: humerus between tubercules
Action: humerus extension, adduction and internal rotation
raises body toward arms during climbing

64.

65.

Rhomboids (minor + major)
Origin: spinous processes C7-T1, T2-T5
Insertion: scapular spine, medial border of scapula
Action: scapula retraction, downward rotation, stabilization

66.

Rhomboids (minor + major)

67.

68.

Deltoid
Origin: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Insertion: humerus
Action: anterior – humerus flexion, internal rotation
middle – humerus abduction
posterior – humerus extension, external rotation

69.

Rotator cuff muscles
Вращательная манжета

70.

71.

Supraspinatus
Origin: scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: humerus abduction (rotator cuff muscle)

72.

Infraspinatus
Origin: scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: humerus external rotation (rotator cuff muscle)

73.

Subscapularis
Origin: anterior surface of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: humerus adduction, internal rotation (rotator cuff muscle)

74.

Teres minor
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: humerus external rotation (rotator cuff muscle)

75.

Rotator cuff muscles
Группа мышц и их сухожилий, которые стабилизируют плечо и
обеспечивают диапазон движений.
Четыре сухожилия мышц сходятся, образуя сухожилие
вращающей манжеты.
Эти сухожильные вставки, суставная капсула и связки плеча
стабилизируют плечевой сустав
Infraspinatus и subscapularis играют важную роль в отведении
плеча в лопаточной плоскости (scaption).

76.

Teres major
Origin: inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial proximal humerus
Action: humerus adduction, internal rotation

77.

Coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: medial humerus
Action: humerus flexion, adduction

78.

Biceps brachii
Origin: short head - coracoid process of scapula
long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: proximal radius
Action: forearm supination, flexion

79.

80.

81.

Brachialis
Origin: distal humerus
Insertion: ulna
Action: forearm flexion

82.

Brachioradialis
Origin: humerus
Insertion: distal radius
Action: forearm flexion

83.

Triceps brachii
Origin: long head- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head- posterior humerus
medial head- posterior humerus
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Action: elbow extension

84.

85.

86.

Anconeus
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Action: forearm extension, stabilization

87.

Common flexor tendon
Общее сухожилие - сгибатель
Сухожилие, которое прикрепляется к medial epicondyle of humerus
Служит верхней точкой крепления для поверхностных мышц
передней части предплечья

88.

Common extensor tendon
Общее сухожилие-разгибатель
Сухожилие, которое прикрепляется к lateral epicondyle of humerus
Служит верхним креплением для поверхностных мышц, которые
расположены на задней стороне предплечья

89.

Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 2-nd metacarpal
Action: wrist flexion, radial deviation

90.

Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: medial carpal and metacarpal bones
Action: wrist flexion, ulnar deviation

91.

Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: dorsal metacarpals 2-3
Action: wrist extension, radial deviation

92.

Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior ulna
Insertion: dorsal 5-th matacarpal
Action: wrist extension, ulnar deviation

93.

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
Action: flexion PIP and MCP 2-5, wrist flexion

94.

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
Origin: proximal anterior ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanges of fingers 2-5
Action: flexion DIP 2-5, wrist flexion

95.

Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
Origin: anterior radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanges of 1-st finger
Action: flexion 1-st finger, wrist flexion

96.

Extensor digitorum
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor expansions fingers 2-4
Action: extension fingers 2-4, wrist extension

97.

Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor expansion finger 5
Action: extension finger 5, wrist extension

98.

Extensor pollicis longus + brevis (EPL + EPB)
Origin: posterior ulna and radius, interosseous membrane
Insertion: 1-st finger
Action: extension 1-st finger

99.

Abductur pollicis longus (APL)
Origin: posterior ulna and radius, interosseous membrane
Insertion: 1-st finger (pollux)
Action: Abduction 1-st finger

100.

Extensor indicis
Origin: distal ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: 2-nd finger
Action: extension 2-nd finger

101.

Pronator teres
Origin: coronoid process of ulna, humerus medial epicondyle
Insertion: radius
Action: forearm pronation, flexion

102.

Pronator quadratus
Origin: distal anterior ulna
Insertion: distal anterior radius
Action: forearm pronation, stabilization

103.

Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: proximal radius
Action: forearm supination

104.

Thenar muscles
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis

105.

Hypothenar muscles
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

106.

Intrinsic muscles of hand

107.

108.

Lower extremity

109.

Quadriceps femoris
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Rectus femoris
Anterior inferior
patella,
Hip flexion
iliac spine (AIIS)
tibial tuberosity
Vastus lateralis
Proximal lateral
femur
Vastus medialis
Medial femur
Vastus intermedius
Anterior femur
Knee extension

110.

111.

112.

Sartorius
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: superior medial tibia
Action: hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
knee flexion

113.

Pectineus
Origin: superior ramus pubis
Insertion: proximal medial femur
Action: hip adduction, flexion

114.

Adductor longus
Origin: pubis
Insertion: medial femur
Action: hip adduction

115.

Adductor brevis
Origin: pubis
Insertion: medial femur
Action: hip adduction

116.

Adductor magnus
Origin: pubis and ischium
Insertion: medial femur
Action: hip adduction

117.

118.

Gracilis
Origin: pubis
Insertion: superior medial tibia
Action: hip adduction, hip and knee flexion

119.

Gluteus maximus
Origin: ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion: iliotibial tract – lateral condyle of tibia
Action: hip extension, external rotation

120.

Iliotibial tract/ band (ITB)
Илиотибиальная полоса
Способствует боковой стабилизации колена

121.

Tensor fascia lata (TFL)
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), iliac crest
Insertion: iliotibial tract – lateral condyle of tibia
Action: hip abduction, medial rotation

122.

123.

Gluteus medius
Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: hip abduction, medial rotation

124.

Gluteus minimus
Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: hip abduction, medial rotation

125.

Piriformis
Origin: sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: hip external rotation, abduction

126.

Gemellus superior + inferior
Origin: ischium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: hip external rotation, abduction, hip stabilization

127.

Obturator internus
Origin: ischium, pubis
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: hip external rotation, abduction, hip stabilization

128.

Quadratus femoris
Origin: ischium
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest
Action: hip external rotation, hip stabilization

129.

130.

131.

Hamstrings
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
Proximal medial Hip extension,
tibia
Semimembranosus
Action
internal rotation,
knee flexion
Biceps femoris
Ischial tuberosity,
femur
Head of fibula
Knee flexion, hip
extension, external
rotation