The Canadian dialect

1.

The Canadian dialect of English

2.

According to its phonetics, vocabulary and
spelling, the Canadian version of English
occupies an intermediate position between
British and American English.

3.

Phonetics
The pronunciation of Canadians is not much different from the
pronunciation of Americans.
There is a certain number of words that were still pronounced
according to the British version, among them: adult[ˈadʌlt],
progress[ˈprəʊɡres], lieutenant [lɛfˈtɛnənt], mobile [ˈməʊbʌɪl] etc.
The letter "z" in Canada is called in British [zed], although there
may also be an American [zi:].
The prefixes anti-, semi-, multi- Canada are traditionally
pronounced with [i]

4.

Phonetics
A distinctive feature of pronunciation is the frequent
use of the interjection eh [ei]. It serves as a "tail" in
all dividing questions and can mean "yes?", "what?",
"okay!", "really".
Example: You are ready, eh? (You're ready, right?).
eh is used to soften the speaker's statements, making them a
little more polite, “You're stupid, eh?”.
eh is also used to attract the attention of the interlocutor in
order to show their solidarity, for example: “Forward march,
eh?".
In narrative sentences, eh indicates that the speaker's speech
is not finished and the interlocutor should not interrupt it:“So I
was walking down the street, eh? And I saw a friend of mine at
the store, eh? And so I thought I’d say hi, eh?”

5.

Phonetics
«Canadian raising»
This is a type of pronunciation wheni in an open
syllable instead of /aɪ/ in words such as price,
life
ou, ow instead of /aʊ/ before a deaf consonant
in words such as house, about, are sometimes
pronounced as sounds [ɐ], [ʌ] or [ə]

6.

Phonetics
There is no difference in pronunciation between vowel
length and stress. This leads to a loss of distinctions
between words such as: cot – caught, sod – sawed [o-o:].
This is followed by another trend, the «Canadian vowel
shift»: The vowels of the front row [æ], [ɛ] and [ɪ] are
likened to the vowels of the middle row. Thus, the
pronunciation of the word bit is more similar to bet, bet to
bat.

7.

Grammar
It is not much different from the American one.
It is possible to use the adverb as well at the beginning of a
sentence, for example: The Canucks had good forwards that
day. As well, their blue liners were better than last time

8.

Throughout the English-speaking world, in principle, there is a
single system of spelling and punctuation with two particular
subsystems. In Canada, the British subsystem is mainly used,
but some publishers adhere to the rules of the American
subsystem, while others mix American and British spelling.
British spelling
American spelling
favour
favor
centre
center
levelled
leveled

9.

Vocabulary
Some words Canadians use from the
British version, for example:
-runners instead of sneakers – кросовки
-cash register instead of till
-serviette instead of napkin – салфетки.
And some of the American ones, for
example:
-sidewalk instead of pavement – тротуар,
-back-yard instead of back-garden –
задний двор,
-candies instead of sweets – конфеты.
Canadisms are also added to them.

10.

Vocabulary
Canadisms lexical units are either specific to Canadian English, or
have a unique meaning in it that is not typical for other
variants.
To the greatest extent, Canadisms describe the local
flora and fauna, the geography of the area, household
items, clothing names, food and drinks.

11.

Vocabulary
Groups of Canadisms
1. Words and expressions that have no analogues in other versions
of the English language (loonie – монета, стоимостью один
доллар, poutine – Квебекское блюдо, double-double –
кофе с двойной порцией сливок и сахара, timbits – пончики из
канадской сети кофеен Tim Hortons, all-dressed – пицца,
гамбургер или хот-дог со всеми возможными наполнителями,
toque – вязанная шерстяная шапка).

12.

Vocabulary
Groups of Canadisms
2. Words and expressions that were previously used in other
versions of the English language, but have so far been preserved
only in Canada (pencil crayon – цветной карандаш, pet day –
солнечный день во время периода плохой погоды, to mooch –
прогуливать школу, to be poisoned – раздраженный,
недовольный).

13.

Vocabulary
Groups of Canadisms
3. Words and expressions that are used in other variants, but have
a unique meaning in the Canadian version (dipper – специальная
емкость для сбора ягод, provincialization – передача
полномочий местным органам власти).

14.

Vocabulary
Groups of Canadisms
4. Words and expressions that have a special cultural significance
(multiculturalism – политика мультикультурализма, aboriginal –
аборигенный, Native Canadian – коренной житель Канады,
абориген, Inuit – инуит, инуитский, throat singing – горловое
пение).

15.

Vocabulary
Groups of Canadisms
5. Words and expressions that are most often used only in Canada
(washroom – общественный туалет, pop – сладкий,
газированный, безалкогольный напиток, physio –
физиотерапия).

16.

Vocabulary
Groups of Canadisms
6. Words and expressions related to derogatory vocabulary (wop –
итальянец, chink – выходец из стран юго-восточной Азии,
китаец, square head – немец, kraut – немец, peasouper –
франкоканадец).

17.

Vocabulary
Groups of Canadisms
7. Words and expressions that are NOT Canadianisms, but were
previously included in them (candy floss –сахарная вата,
friendship cake, to write an exam – сдавать экзамен, Bob’s
your uncle – вот и все, все очень просто).