The main phonological schools. The phoneme

1.

The main phonological schools. The phoneme
Made by: Andreeva A.D.
Kholmakhmatov S.U.
Group: ЯЛНбв-04-23

2.

The founder of the phoneme theory
• Concept of the phoneme
• Foundation for the
modern study
Jan Baudouin de Courtenay

3.

The Leningrad school
The Moscow school
Aleksandr
Reformatsky
Zinder Lev
Ruben Avanessov
Mikhail Panov
Lev Shcherba

4.

The Leningrad school
What they represent:
the morphological approach
The phonemic content
the definition of the phoneme

5.

The Leningrad school
Their main concept:
the phoneme as a dynamic and
variable unit
the idea of speech melody

6.

The Prague school
Nikolai Trubetzkoy
Bohumil Trnka
Vilem Mathesuis
Roman Jakobson

7.

The Prague school
The main aspects of their theories:
the separation of phonology
from phonetics
the theory of phonological
opposition
the theory of the archiphoneme

8.

The London School
The London School of Phonology was headed by Prof. Daniel Jones and represents the
physical conception of the phoneme.
“Phoneme is a family of sounds in a
given language which are related in
character and are used in such a way
that no one member ever occurs in a
word in the same phonetic context as
any other member.”

9.

The American school
The phoneme theory in America was headed by Edward Sepir and Leonard Bloomfield.
Edward Sepir
Leonard Bloomfield

10.

The Copenhagen school
Louis Trolle Hjelmslev, a Danish linguist, laid the groundwork
for the Copenhagen School of linguistics with his ideas.
phonemes as existing in
mathematical ratios
synchronic approach
Louis Hjelmslev

11.

Conclusion
Phonological schools have made a significant contribution to
the development of linguistics by offering new approaches to
the study of the language's sound system. These schools have
not only deepened our understanding of phonology, but also
opened up new perspectives for further research on language
structures, influencing the development of modern theories and
methodologies in linguistics.

12.

References
1. Baudouin de Courtenay, I.A. The Beginnings of Structural Linguistics / I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay. – Canada :
Indiana university press, 1972. – 206 с.
2. Collins, B. Practical Phonetics and Phonology / B. Collins, I.M. Mees. – New York : Routledge Taylor and Francis
Group, 2013. – 330 с.
3. Jones, D. The Phoneme: its Nature and Use / D. Jones. – Cambridge, 1950. – 260 с.
4. Reformatsky, A. A. History of national phonology / A. A. Reformatsky. – Moskva : Nauka, 1972. – 527 с.
5. Vachek, J. The Linguistic School of Prague / J. Vachek. – Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1966. – 200 с.
6. Glushchenko, V.A. Phonetic ans phonemic laws in modern historical and phonological studies / V.A. Glushchenko, A.S.
Orel, A.V. Piskunov // Вестник ВолГУ : электронный журнал. – URL:https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/phonetic-andphonemic-laws-in-modern-historical-and-phonological-studies-linguistic-historiographical-aspect – Дата публикации:
2022.

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Thanks for your attention!