Organic synthesis

1.

ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
2015
SPECIFICATIONS

2.

Objective
2/27/2023
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Modules for Understanding
2

3.

OBJECTIVES:
Learners will
• explain the usefulness of some reactions for the
characterisation of organic compounds or specific
functional groups
• identify compounds containing specific functional
groups and identify compounds by means of chemical
and physical tests.
• discuss the importance of synthesis in organic
chemistry and recognise synthetically useful reactions
• create spider diagrams of synthetically useful reactions
• solve problems in synthesis using a synoptic knowledge
of the organic chemistry learned in the whole course
2/27/2023

4.

Feedbacking on the
Formative
Assesment on the
Chemistry of Life
2/27/2023
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
4

5.

6.

REVIEW ACTIVITY:
VIDEO ON
ISOLATION OF DNA
FROM BANANAS
AND ONIONS
2/27/2023
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Modules for Understanding
6

7.

REVIEW ACTIVITY: VIDEO ON ISOLATION OF DNA
FROM BANANAS AND ONIONS
-
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Modules for Understanding
7
2/27/2023

8.

REVIEW ACTIVITY: VIDEO ON ISOLATION OF DNA
FROM BANANAS AND ONIONS
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Modules for Understanding
8
2/27/2023

9.

STARTER
ACTIVITY:
ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS MAP
2/27/2023
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Modules for Understanding
9

10.

ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING

11.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Functional groups
• Extending a carbon chain
• Chiral synthesis - introduction
• Nucleophilic addition
• Nucleophilic substitution
• Synthetic methods

12.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.

13.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.

14.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...

15.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...
• the reagents required to convert one functional group into another
• the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react

16.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...
• the reagents required to convert one functional group into another
• the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react
• the conditions required - temperature, pressure, catalyst
• the rate of the reaction
• the yield - especially important for equilibrium reactions
• atom economy

17.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...
• the reagents required to convert one functional group into another
• the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react
• the conditions required - temperature, pressure, catalyst
• the rate of the reaction
• the yield - especially important for equilibrium reactions
• atom economy
• safety - toxicity and flammability of reactants and products
• financial economy - cost of chemicals, demand for product
• problems of purification
• possibility of optically active products

18.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...
• the reagents required to convert one functional group into another
• the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react
• the conditions required - temperature, pressure, catalyst
• the rate of the reaction
• the yield - especially important for equilibrium reactions
• atom economy
• safety - toxicity and flammability of reactants and products
• financial economy - cost of chemicals, demand for product
• problems of purification
• possibility of optically active products

19.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Functional groups
Common functional groups found in organic molecules include...
alkene
hydroxyl
(alcohols)
haloalkane
carbonyl
(aldehydes & ketones)
amine
nitrile
carboxylic acid
ester

20.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others, for example…
POLYMERS
ALKANES
DIBROMOALKANES
ALKENES
KETONES
ALCOHOLS
ALDEHYDES
HALOGENOALKANES
AMINES
ESTERS
NITRILES
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

21.

ACTIVITY 1:
GROUP ACTIVITY
ON ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS AND
ANALYSIS
2/27/2023
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Modules for Understanding
21

22.

HAND-OUT
http://www.a-levelchemistry.co.uk/410organic-synthesis-and-analysis.html
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22
2/27/2023

23.

QUESTIONS
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2/27/2023

24.

ANSWERS
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25.

ANSWERS
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26.

QUESTIONS
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2/27/2023

27.

ANSWERS
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2/27/2023

28.

ANSWERS
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28
2/27/2023

29.

ACTIVITY 2: CLASS
DISCUSSION OF A
SAMPLE A LEVEL ON
ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
2/27/2023
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30.

QUESTIONS
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ANSWERS
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32.

QUESTIONS
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2/27/2023

33.

ANSWERS
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2/27/2023

34.

QUESTIONS
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2/27/2023

35.

ANSWERS
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2/27/2023

36.

QUESTIONS
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37.

ANSWERS
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37
2/27/2023

38.

ACTIVITY 3:
INDIVIDUAL
SEATWORK ON SAMPLE
A LEVEL EXAMINATION
ON ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS
2/27/2023
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Modules for Understanding
38

39.

QUESTIONS
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2/27/2023

40.

ANSWERS
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2/27/2023

41.

QUESTIONS
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41
2/27/2023

42.

QUESTIONS
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42
2/27/2023

43.

REDUCING ABILITY OF HALIDE IONS
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Modules for Understanding
43
2/27/2023

44.

TESTING FOR HALIDES – Conc. H2SO4
Summary
Halide
Observation(s)
Product
O.S.
Reaction type
NaCl
misty fumes
HCl
-1
Displacement of Cl¯
NaBr
misty fumes
brown vapour
colourless gas
HBr
Br2
SO2
-1
0
+4
Displacement of Br¯
Oxidation of Br¯
Reduction of H2SO4
NaI
misty fumes
purple vapour
colourless gas
yellow solid
bad egg smell
HI
I2
SO2
S
H2S
-1
0
+4
0
-2
Displacement of I¯
Oxidation of I¯
Reduction of H2SO4
Reduction of H2SO4
Reduction of H2SO4

45.

RESULTS OF THE LABORATORY EXPERIMENT
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2/27/2023

46.

ANSWERS
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2/27/2023

47.

QUESTIONS
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47
2/27/2023

48.

ANSWERS
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2/27/2023

49.

QUESTIONS
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49
2/27/2023

50.

ANSWERS
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50
2/27/2023

51.

QUESTIONS
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2/27/2023

52.

ANSWERS
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52
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53.

QUESTIONS
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2/27/2023

54.

ANSWERS
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55.

QUESTIONS
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55
2/27/2023

56.

ANSWERS
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56
2/27/2023

57.

ORGANIC ANALYSIS TEST
HOMETASK: DETERMINING
ORGANIC ANALYSIS TESTS
2/27/2023
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Modules for Understanding
57

58.

QUESTIONS
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Modules for Understanding
58
2/27/2023

59.

OBJECTIVES:
Return to goals of the lesson: Learners will
• explain the usefulness of some reactions for the
characterisation of organic compounds or specific
functional groups
• identify compounds containing specific functional
groups and identify compounds by means of chemical
and physical tests.
• discuss the importance of synthesis in organic
chemistry and recognise synthetically useful reactions
• create spider diagrams of synthetically useful reactions
• solve problems in synthesis using a synoptic knowledge
of the organic chemistry learned in the whole course
2/27/2023

60.

ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
2015
SPECIFICATIONS

61.

THE END