2.46M
Category: chemistrychemistry

Organic synthesis

1.

ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
2015
SPECIFICATIONS

2.

Objective
2/27/2023
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
2

3.

OBJECTIVES:
Learners will
• explain the usefulness of some reactions for the
characterisation of organic compounds or specific
functional groups
• identify compounds containing specific functional
groups and identify compounds by means of chemical
and physical tests.
• discuss the importance of synthesis in organic
chemistry and recognise synthetically useful reactions
• create spider diagrams of synthetically useful reactions
• solve problems in synthesis using a synoptic knowledge
of the organic chemistry learned in the whole course
2/27/2023

4.

Feedbacking on the
Formative
Assesment on the
Chemistry of Life
2/27/2023
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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5.

6.

REVIEW ACTIVITY:
VIDEO ON
ISOLATION OF DNA
FROM BANANAS
AND ONIONS
2/27/2023
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
6

7.

REVIEW ACTIVITY: VIDEO ON ISOLATION OF DNA
FROM BANANAS AND ONIONS
-
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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2/27/2023

8.

REVIEW ACTIVITY: VIDEO ON ISOLATION OF DNA
FROM BANANAS AND ONIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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2/27/2023

9.

STARTER
ACTIVITY:
ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS MAP
2/27/2023
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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10.

ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING

11.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Functional groups
• Extending a carbon chain
• Chiral synthesis - introduction
• Nucleophilic addition
• Nucleophilic substitution
• Synthetic methods

12.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.

13.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.

14.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...

15.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...
• the reagents required to convert one functional group into another
• the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react

16.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...
• the reagents required to convert one functional group into another
• the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react
• the conditions required - temperature, pressure, catalyst
• the rate of the reaction
• the yield - especially important for equilibrium reactions
• atom economy

17.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...
• the reagents required to convert one functional group into another
• the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react
• the conditions required - temperature, pressure, catalyst
• the rate of the reaction
• the yield - especially important for equilibrium reactions
• atom economy
• safety - toxicity and flammability of reactants and products
• financial economy - cost of chemicals, demand for product
• problems of purification
• possibility of optically active products

18.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others.
Many industrial processes involve a multi stage process where functional
groups are converted into other functional groups.
When planning a synthetic route, chemists must consider...
• the reagents required to convert one functional group into another
• the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react
• the conditions required - temperature, pressure, catalyst
• the rate of the reaction
• the yield - especially important for equilibrium reactions
• atom economy
• safety - toxicity and flammability of reactants and products
• financial economy - cost of chemicals, demand for product
• problems of purification
• possibility of optically active products

19.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Functional groups
Common functional groups found in organic molecules include...
alkene
hydroxyl
(alcohols)
haloalkane
carbonyl
(aldehydes & ketones)
amine
nitrile
carboxylic acid
ester

20.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Involves the preparation of new compounds from others, for example…
POLYMERS
ALKANES
DIBROMOALKANES
ALKENES
KETONES
ALCOHOLS
ALDEHYDES
HALOGENOALKANES
AMINES
ESTERS
NITRILES
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

21.

ACTIVITY 1:
GROUP ACTIVITY
ON ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS AND
ANALYSIS
2/27/2023
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
21

22.

HAND-OUT
http://www.a-levelchemistry.co.uk/410organic-synthesis-and-analysis.html
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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2/27/2023

23.

QUESTIONS
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Modules for Understanding
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24.

ANSWERS
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25.

ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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26.

QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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27.

ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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28.

ANSWERS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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29.

ACTIVITY 2: CLASS
DISCUSSION OF A
SAMPLE A LEVEL ON
ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
2/27/2023
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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30.

QUESTIONS
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Modules for Understanding
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ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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32.

QUESTIONS
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Modules for Understanding
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ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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34.

QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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36.

QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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37.

ANSWERS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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38.

ACTIVITY 3:
INDIVIDUAL
SEATWORK ON SAMPLE
A LEVEL EXAMINATION
ON ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS
2/27/2023
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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39.

QUESTIONS
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Modules for Understanding
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ANSWERS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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2/27/2023

41.

QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
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2/27/2023

42.

QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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2/27/2023

43.

REDUCING ABILITY OF HALIDE IONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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2/27/2023

44.

TESTING FOR HALIDES – Conc. H2SO4
Summary
Halide
Observation(s)
Product
O.S.
Reaction type
NaCl
misty fumes
HCl
-1
Displacement of Cl¯
NaBr
misty fumes
brown vapour
colourless gas
HBr
Br2
SO2
-1
0
+4
Displacement of Br¯
Oxidation of Br¯
Reduction of H2SO4
NaI
misty fumes
purple vapour
colourless gas
yellow solid
bad egg smell
HI
I2
SO2
S
H2S
-1
0
+4
0
-2
Displacement of I¯
Oxidation of I¯
Reduction of H2SO4
Reduction of H2SO4
Reduction of H2SO4

45.

RESULTS OF THE LABORATORY EXPERIMENT
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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50.

ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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51.

QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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ANSWERS
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Modules for Understanding
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55.

QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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56.

ANSWERS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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2/27/2023

57.

ORGANIC ANALYSIS TEST
HOMETASK: DETERMINING
ORGANIC ANALYSIS TESTS
2/27/2023
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
57

58.

QUESTIONS
Designing Standards-Based Learning
Modules for Understanding
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2/27/2023

59.

OBJECTIVES:
Return to goals of the lesson: Learners will
• explain the usefulness of some reactions for the
characterisation of organic compounds or specific
functional groups
• identify compounds containing specific functional
groups and identify compounds by means of chemical
and physical tests.
• discuss the importance of synthesis in organic
chemistry and recognise synthetically useful reactions
• create spider diagrams of synthetically useful reactions
• solve problems in synthesis using a synoptic knowledge
of the organic chemistry learned in the whole course
2/27/2023

60.

ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
2015
SPECIFICATIONS

61.

THE END
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