English Class

1.

English Class
I
Beniya Daut
Dzharnazovich
[email protected]

2.

3.

Английские звуки можно
обозначить специальными знаками.
Некоторые из них похожи на
маленькую букву, например: M
[m], S [s]. Знак в скобках
Английский алфавит состоит из 26 букв: называется транскрипцией.
6 гласных (vowels)
A E I O U Y
20 – согласных (consonants)
B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Z
Одна буква может передавать несколько
звуков, так же как и один звук может
передаваться несколькими буквами.
В общей сложности в
английском языке 44 звука.

4.

Звуки
согласных
букв:
1) B [b], как русский (б);
Boy [boi] (бой) – мальчик; Bat
[bӕt] (бэт) – летучая мышь; Ball
[bol] (бол) – мяч
2) D [d], как русский (д);
Dog [dog] (дог) – собака; Duck
[dɅk] (дак) – утка; Day [dei]
(дэй) – день
3) F [f], как (ф);
Flag [flӕg] (флэг) – флаг; Friend
[frend] (фрэнд) – друг; Fox
[foks] (фокс) – лиса
4) K [k], как (к);
Key [ki:] (ки) – ключ; Kangaroo
[‘kӕŋgeru:] (кэнгэру) – кенгуру;
5) L [l], как (л);
Land [lӕnd] (лэнд) – земля; Like
[laik] (лаик) – нравиться; Log
(лог) – бревно;

5.

6) M [m], как (м);
Mum [mɅm] (мам) – мама; Mouse [maus]
(маус) – мышь; Melon (мэлон) – дыня
7) N [n], как (н);
Nose [nouz] (ноуз) – нос; Nut [nɅt]
(нат) – орех; Net [net] (нэт) – сеть
8) P [p], как (п);
Pig (пиг) – свинья; Pink (пинк) –
розовый; Play [plei] (плэй) – играть;
9) S [s], как (с);
Snake [sneik] (снэйк) – змея; Sock
[sok] (сок) – носок; Sun [sɅn] (сан)
– солнце;
10) T [t], как (т);
Table [teibl] (тэйбл) – стол; Train
[trein] (трэин) – поезд; Tea [ti:]
(ти) – чай;

6.

11) V [v], как (в);
Van [vӕn] (вэн) – грузовик; Violin
[vaiə’lin] (вайолин) – скрипка; Vase
[veis] (вэйз) – ваза
12) Z [z], как (з);
Zoo [zu:] (зу) – зоопарк; Zebra
[zebra] (зэбра) – зебра; Zip (зип) –
замок
13) C [s] как (с) если после буквы с
следуют e, i, y сity [siti] (сити);
[k] как (к) cat [kӕt] (кэт);
14) G [dƷ] как (дж) если после буквы
G следуют e, i, y- gym [dƷim] (джим);
[g] как (г) - game [geim] (гэйм);
Исключения: girl (девочка), give
(давать), gift (подарок), get
(получать). В этих словах букву G
читаем как (г).

7.

15) H [h] похоже на русский (х);
Hat [hӕt] (хэт) – шляпа; hot (хот) – горячий;
16) J [dƷ], как (дж), только слитно;
Jam [dƷӕm] (джэм) – варенье; Juice [dƷus] (джус) – сок;
17) R [r], как (р), но кончик языка не дрожит;
Red (рэд) – красный; River [‘rivə](ривэ) – река;
18) Q обычно стоит рядом с буквой u - Qu [kw] похоже на
(ку);
Queen [kwi:n] (куин) – королева; Quickly [qwikli]
(куикли) – быстро
19) W [w] звук похож на русский (уэ);
Water [‘wotə] (уотэ) – вода; Wall [wol] (уол) – стена;
Wind (уинд) – ветер;
20) X [ks], как (кс);
Box (бокс) – коробка; fox (фокс) – лиса; Six (сикс) –
шесть.

8.

Звуки гласных букв
1) Открытый слог (слово
заканчивается на гласную)
2) Закрытый слог (слово заканчивается
на согласную)
A - [ei] этот звук похож на
русский (эй) – name
A - [æ] этот звук похож на русский (э)
– cat
E - [i:] как русский (и) – pete
Е - [e] произносится четко и кратко
(э) – pet
O - [ou] как русский (оу) – nose
O - [o] произносится кратко (о) – box
U - [ju] как русская (ю) – tube
U - [Ʌ] произносится кратко (a) – bus
I/Y - [ai] похоже на русский (ай)
– bike, type
[i] произносится как (и) – hymn, silk

9.

3) Гласная + R и 4) Гласная + R + гласная
A + r, как долгий (а)
-car [ka:], far, arm, farm, barn, park,
target, garden
O + r, как долгий (о)
-corn [ko:n], fork, for, more, force, torch,
port, north, cord
E + r под ударением [ɜ], похоже на
русское (ё)
-fern [fɜn], serpent, her, nerve, verdict,
serve
E + r не под ударением [ə], похоже
на русское (э)
Слог четвертого типа напоминает
предыдущий: в нем буква r также не
читается, а гласная образует дифтонг.
Гласная a образовывается и будет
звучать как дифтонг [ɛə]: wary, Mary.
Гласная e, соответственно,
превращается в дифтонг
[ɪə]: mere, revere, sphere.
Такие гласные, как i и y образуют
трифтонги [aɪə]: mire, tyre.
Букве o будет соответствовать
-teacher [ti:tʃə], cucumber, finger, driver,
[ɔ:]: swore, store, more.
sister, officer
Гласная u будет превращена в
U + r как [ɜ], похоже на русское (ё)
[jʊə]: demure, furious, purely.
-nurse [nɜs], surf, fur, burn, turn, curl
I + r как [ɜ], похоже на русское (ё)

10.

Звуки гласных букв
3) Гласная + R + гласная
A + r, как долгий (а)
-car [ka:], far, arm, farm, barn, park, target, garden
O + r, как долгий (о)
-corn [ko:n], fork, for, more, force, torch, port, north, cord
E + r под ударением [ɜ], похоже на русское (ё)
-fern [fɜn], serpent, her, nerve, verdict, serve
E + r не под ударением [ə], похоже на русское (э)
-teacher [ti:tʃə], cucumber, finger, driver, sister, officer
U + r как [ɜ], похоже на русское (ё)
-nurse [nɜs], surf, fur, burn, turn, curl
I + r как [ɜ], похоже на русское (ё)
-bird [bɜd], firm, girl, sir, dirt, circus

11.

Буквосочетания гласных и согласных
- OO - [U:] (у) - moon, room, mood, fool
- EE, EA - [i:] (и:) - meet, fee, need, meat, sea, leaf
- CK - [k] (к) – black, shock, neck, click, sick, lock
- CH - [t∫] (ч) – chess, rich, child, match, chop, beach
- SH - [∫] (ш) – she, fish, wash, cash, brush, ship
- TH - [ð] (в) – this, that, the, then, there
- TH – [ɵ] (ф) – think, thick, thank, thin

12.

Буквосочетания гласных и согласных
- MB - (m) – climb, comb, bomb, thumb, plumber, dumb
- BT - [t] – debt, doubt, need, subtle
- CH - (ш) – champagne, chef, machine, moustache, parachute
- CH – (к) –
school, monarch, technique, orchestra,
Christmas
- С + -ion, -ial, -ean, -ian, -ient, - ious - (ш) – social,
ancient, ocean, suspicion, precious
- PH - (ф) – photo, philosophy, physics, , phone,
elephant, atmosphere, typhoon, geography, triumph
- PS, PB, PN – (c, b, n ) – cupboard, psychology,
pneumonia, raspberry

13.

Буквосочетания гласных и согласных
- G - (ж) – genre, garage, massage, mirage, prestige
- GN - [n] – gnome, gnat, foreign, sign, design
- GH - (-) – sigh, highest, eight, neighbor, night,
daughter. But there are exceptions: cough, enough,
ghost,
laugh,
- L + alk, -alm, -alf,
-alv,
-ouldrough,
(-) – walk, talk, calm,
palm, half, could, should. But there are exceptions:
tough
mould, shoulder
- S + sion, - surealmost,
после согласной
- (ш) – sure, Russian,
passion, mission
- S + sion, - sure после гласной (ж) – vision, decision,
illusion, treasure, measure, pleasure
- T + -tion, -tial, -tient - (ш) – nation, revolution,
dictation, partial, patient

14.

Буквосочетания гласных и согласных
- T + ure, -ural, -ury - (ч) - picture, future, nature,
natural, century
- GU + гласная - [-] – guy, guide, guest, dialogue, guitar,
colleague
- U в коротком слове перед согласной, или в более
длинных словах, если после u идут 2 согласных (a) –
up, bus, ugly, cup, gun, lunch, must, butter, hurry,
mushroom, Sunday, number
- WR - (р) –
write, wrong, wrap, wrist
- WH + O (х) – who, whose, whom, whole
- WH + любая гласная - (уэ) – why, which, where, when,
what, while, wheel, whisper

15.

Tongue
Twisters
How much wood would a
woodchuck chuck if a
woodchuck could chuck
wood?
He would chuck, he would,
as much as he could, and
chuck as much wood
As a woodchuck would if a
woodchuck could chuck
wood.
Peter Piper picked a peck of
pickled peppers
A peck of pickled peppers Peter
Piper picked
If Peter Piper picked a peck of
pickled peppers
Where’s the peck of pickled
peppers that Peter Piper
picked?

16.

She sells
seashells on the
seashore.
The shells she
sells are
seashells, I’m
sure.
And if she sells
seashells on the
seashore,
Then I’m sure she
sells seashore
shells.
The thirty-three
thieves thought that
they thrilled the
throne throughout
Thursday.
Betty bought some butter,
but the butter was bitter,
so Betty bought some
better butter
to make the bitter butter
better.

17.

She sells
seashells on the
seashore.
The shells she
sells are
seashells, I’m
sure.
And if she sells
seashells on the
seashore,
Then I’m sure she
sells seashore
shells.
The thirty-three
thieves thought that
they thrilled the
throne throughout
Thursday.
Betty bought some butter,
but the butter was bitter,
so Betty bought some
better butter
to make the bitter butter
better.

18.

Which witch wished which wicked wish?
If two witches were watching two watches,
which witch would watch which watch?
I saw Susie sitting
in a shoe shine shop.
Where she sits she
shines, and where she
shines she sits.
I wish to wish the
wish you wish to
wish, but if you
wish the wish the
witch wishes, I
won't wish the wish
you wish to wish.

19.

Practice
Make, plan, late, bad, plane, lamp, fat, fate, hate, cat, map, Pete, bed,
egg, Crete, she, Steve, pet, be.
Unless, welcome, unwell, upset, velvet, vendor, vent, vest, vessel, well,
web, wed, wedge, edge, weld, west, when, hence, yell, yellow, yet, yes.
Mine, pig, fig, fine, little, ride, pike, ice, spin, fist, nine, cold,
mole, clock, nose, top, flop, log, close, rose.
Mug, hut, blue, cute, rug, mule, plum, duck, gym, hymn, by, fly, rhythm,
cry, type, my.
Little, live, livid, living, midday, middle, midst, midway, military, milk,
milky, mill, mince, mineral, minimal, minister, mink, mint, minute, miss,
missile, mission, mist, mix.
Sadden, saddle, sag, salad, salary, salvage, sanction, sand, sandal,
sandstone, sandwich, sandy, sang, sanity, sank, sap, sat, satisfy, savage,
sax.
Market, marketplace, marking, marmalade, marsh, marshal, martial, martyr,
marvel, parcel, parched, park, parliament, parsley, parsnip, part, partial,
participle, particle, colonel.

20.

Practice
Hi! Nice to meet you! My name is John Smith. I am 19 and a student in
college. I go to college in New York. My favorite courses are Geometry,
French, and History. English is my hardest course. My professors are very
friendly and smart. It's my second year in college now. I love it! I live in
a big house on Ivy Street. It's near the college campus. I share the house
with three other students. Their names are Bill, Tony, and Paul. We help
each other with homework. On the weekend, we play football together. I have
a younger brother. He just started high school. He is 14 and lives with my
parents. They live on Mulberry Street in Boston. Sometimes they visit me in
New York. I am happy when they visit. My Mom always brings me sweets and
candy when they come. I really miss them, too!

21.

Practice
I just returned from the greatest summer vacation! It was so fantastic, I
never wanted it to end. I spent eight days in Paris, France. My best
friends, Henry and Steve, went with me. We had a beautiful hotel room in the
Latin Quarter, and it wasn't even expensive. We had a balcony with a
wonderful view. We visited many famous tourist places. My favorite was the
Louvre, a well-known museum. I was always interested in art, so that was a
special treat for me. The museum is so huge, you could spend weeks there.
Henry got tired walking around the museum and said "Enough! I need to take a
break and rest.” We took lots of breaks and sat in cafes along the river
Seine. The French food we ate was delicious. The wines were tasty, too.
Steve's favorite part of the vacation was the hotel breakfast. He said he
would be happy if he could eat croissants like those forever. We had so much
fun that we're already talking about our next vacation!

22.

Practice
My name is Clark, and I will tell you about my city. I live
in an apartment. In my city, there is a post office where
people mail letters. On Monday, I go to work. I work at the
post office. Everyone shops for food at the grocery store.
They also eat at the restaurant. The restaurant serves pizza
and ice cream. My friends and I go to the park. We like to
play soccer at the park. On Fridays, we go to the cinema to
see a movie. Children don't go to school on the weekend.
Each day, people go to the hospital when they are sick. The
doctors and nurses take care of them. The police keep
everyone safe. I am happy to live in my city.

23.

Useful
expressions
•The teacher was surprised at the student’s question.
•I congratulate you on your new job!
•I wanted to take a break and work on some things.
•Whatever you do, slow down and take your time.
•He’s fed up with his job. He wants to quit.
•I want to buy a house by the beach, but it may cost
me an arm and a leg.

24.

The Chaos, poem by Gerard Nolst
Trenité
Dearest creature in creation,
Study English pronunciation.
I will teach you in my verse
Sounds like corpse, corps,
horse, and worse.
I will keep you, Suzy, busy,
Make your head with heat grow
dizzy.
Tear in eye, your dress will
tear.
So shall I! Oh hear my prayer.
Just compare heart, beard, and
heard,
Dies and diet, lord and word,
Sword and sward, retain and
Britain.
(Mind the latter, how it’s
Now I surely will not plague you
With such words as plaque and ague.
But be careful how you speak:
Say break and steak, but bleak and
streak;
Cloven, oven, how and low,
Script, receipt, show, poem, and toe.
Hear me say, devoid of trickery,
Daughter, laughter, and Terpsichore,
Typhoid, measles, topsails, aisles,
Exiles, similes, and reviles;
Scholar, vicar, and cigar,
Solar, mica, war and far;
One, anemone, Balmoral,
Kitchen, lichen, laundry, laurel;
Gertrude, German, wind and mind,
Scene, Melpomene, mankind.

25.

Billet does not rhyme with
ballet,
Bouquet, wallet, mallet,
chalet.
Blood and flood are not like
food,
Nor is mould like should and
would.
Viscous, viscount, load and
broad,
Toward, to forward, to reward.
And your pronunciation’s OK
When you correctly say
croquet,
Rounded, wounded, grieve and
sieve,
Friend and fiend, alive and
live.
Ivy, privy, famous; clamour
Souls but foul, haunt but aunt,
Font, front, wont, want, grand, and
grant,
Shoes, goes, does. Now first say
finger,
And then singer, ginger, linger,
Real, zeal, mauve, gauze, gouge and
gauge,
Marriage, foliage, mirage, and age.
Query does not rhyme with very,
Nor does fury sound like bury.
Dost, lost, post and doth, cloth, loth.
Job, nob, bosom, transom, oath.
Though the differences seem little,
We say actual but victual.
Refer does not rhyme with deafer.
Feffer does, and zephyr, heifer.
Mint, pint, senate and sedate;
Dull, bull, and George ate late.

26.

Scenic, Arabic, Pacific,
Science, conscience, scientific.
Liberty, library, heave and
heaven,
Rachel, ache, moustache, eleven.
We say hallowed, but allowed,
People, leopard, towed, but
vowed.
Mark the differences, moreover,
Between mover, cover, clover;
Leeches, breeches, wise,
precise,
Chalice, but police and lice;
Camel, constable, unstable,
Principle, disciple, label.
Petal, panel, and canal,
Wait, surprise, plait, promise,
pal.
Worm and storm, chaise, chaos,
Sea, idea, Korea, area,
Psalm, Maria, but malaria.
Youth, south, southern, cleanse
and clean.
Doctrine, turpentine, marine.
Compare alien with Italian,
Dandelion and battalion.
Sally with ally, yea, ye,
Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, and key.
Say aver, but ever, fever,
Neither, leisure, skein,
deceiver.
Heron, granary, canary.
Crevice and device and aerie.
Face, but preface, not efface.
Phlegm, phlegmatic, ass, glass,
bass.
Large, but target, gin, give,
verging,

27.

Seven is right, but so is
even,
Hyphen, roughen, nephew
Stephen,
Monkey, donkey, Turk and
jerk,
Ask, grasp, wasp, and
cork and work.
Pronunciation (think of
Psyche!)
Is a paling stout and
spikey?
Won’t it make you lose
your wits,
Writing groats and saying
grits?
It’s a dark abyss or
tunnel:
Strewn with stones,
stowed, solace, gunwale,
Finally, which rhymes with
enough,
Though, through, plough, or
dough, or cough?
Hiccough has the sound of
cup.
My advice is to give up!!!
https://youtu.be/tfRSvTSY0d4