Правила чтения согласных и гласных звуков английского языка

1.

Правила чтения
согласных и гласных
звуков английского
языка

2.

№ БУКВА
ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ № БУКВА
ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ
1.
Aa
[ ei ]
14. N n
[ en ]
2.
Bb
[ bi: ]
15. O o
[ əu ]
3.
Cc
[ si: ]
16. P p
[ pi: ]
4.
Dd
[di: ]
17. Q q
[ kju: ]
5.
Ee
[ i: ]
18. R r
[ a:(r) ]
6.
Ff
[ ef ]
19. S s
[ es ]
7.
Gg
[ d3i: ]
20. T t
[ ti: ]
8.
Hh
[ eit∫ ]
21. U u
[ ju: ]
9.
Ii
[ ai ]
22. V v
[ vi: ]
10. J j
[ d3ei ]
23. W w
['dΛblju:]
11. K k
[ kei ]
24. X x
[ eks ]
12. L l
[ el ]
25. Y y
[ wai ]
13. M m
[ em ]
26. Z z
[ zed ]

3.

Гласные звуки (vowels)

4.

Согласные звуки (consonants)

5.

В конце слова
Алфавитное
название буквы
гласная
согласная
гласная + r
гласная +re
(+ согласная)
I
II
III
IV
А а [ ei ]
[ ei ] take
[ æ ] cat
[ a: ] car
[ εə ] care
O o [ əu ]
[ əu ] rose
[ ɔ ] dog
[ ɔ: ] for
[ ɔ: ] more
U u [ ju: ]
[ ju: ] use
[ Λ ] cup
[ ɜ: ] fur
[ juə ] sure
E e [ i: ]
[ i: ] Pete
[ e ] pet
[ ɜ: ] her
[ iə ] here
I i / Y y [ ai
/ wai ]
[ ai ] Mike
[ ai ] fly
[ i ] pig
[ i ] system
[ ɜ: ] girl
[ ɜ: ] myrtle
[ aiə ] fire
[ aiə ] tyre

6.

Aa
[ei]
plane [plein]
Oo
[əu]
nose [nəuz]
Uu
[ju:]
tube [tju:b]
[æ]
bag [bæg]
[a:]
car [ka:]
[εə]
care [kεə]
[ɔ]
box [bɔks]
[ɔ:]
sort [sɔ:t]
[ɔ:]
store [stɔ:]
[ʌ]
bus [bʌs]
[ɜ:]
turn [tɜ:n]
[juə]
pure [puə]

7.

Ee
[i:]
Pete [pi:t]
[e]
pet [pet]
[ɜ:]
her [hɜ:]
[iə]
here [hiə]
[ai]
pine [pain]
[i]
big [big]
[ɜ:]
girl [gɜ:l]
[aiə]
fire [faiə]
[ai]
bye [bai]
[i]
Syd [sid]
[ɜ:]
myrtle [mɜ:tl]
[aiə]
tyre [taiə]
Ii
Yy

8.

Чтение гласных буквосочетаний
[ʊ]
look, book, cook,
good, foot
[ uː ]
pool, school, Zoo, too
oo
ee
ea
Исключения:
au
ey
[ iː ]
[ iː ]
[e]
[ eɪ ]
see, bee, tree, three,
meet
tea, meat, eat, read,
speak
bread, head, breakfast,
healthy
away, play, say, may
grey, they
[ lʊk ] [ bʊk ] [ kʊk ]
[ ɡʊd ] [ fʊt]
[ puːl ] [ skuːl ] [ zuː ]
[ tuː ]
[ ˈsiː ] [ biː ] [ triː ]
[ θriː ] [ miːt ]
[ tiː ] [ miːt ] [ iːt ]
[ riːd ] [ spiːk ]
[ bred ] [ hed ]
[ ˈbrekfəst ] [ ˈhelθi ]
[ əˈweɪ ] [ pleɪ ] [ ˈseɪ ]
[ meɪ ]
[ ɡreɪ ] [ ˈðeɪ ]

9.

Чтение согласных буквосочетаний
ck
[k]
black, stick
ng
[ŋ]
sing, bring, ring, reading
sh
[ʃ]
[f ]
[v]
[ð]
[θ]
[t]
[w]
[h]
[n]
[r]
she, shop, fish
phone, photograph
nephew
this, that, the
thank, thick
Thames
when, white, why
who
know, knife
write, wrong
ph
th
wh
Исключение:
kn
wr
[ blæk ] [ stɪk ]
[ sɪŋ ] [ brɪŋ ] [ rɪŋ ]
[ ˈriːdɪŋ ]
[ ʃi ] [ ʃɒp ] [ fɪʃ ]
[ fəʊn ] [ ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf ]
[ ˈnevjuː ]
[ ðɪs ] [ ðæt ] [ ði: ]
[ θæŋk ] [ θɪk ]
[ ˈtemz ]
[ wen ] [ waɪt ] [ waɪ ]
[ huː ]
[ nəʊ ] [ naɪf ]
[ ˈraɪt ] [ rɒŋ ]

10.

Чтение согласных буквосочетаний
gh
gn
ss
sc
nk
ch
tch
qu
[f ]
[-]
[n]
[s]
[ʃ]
[ sk ]
[s]
[ ŋk ]
[ tʃ ]
[k]
[ʃ]
[ tʃ ]
[ kw ]
enough
high
sign
possible
pressure
screen
scene
think
chess
chemistry
machine
match
question
[ ɪˈnʌf ]
[ haɪ ]
[ saɪn ]
[ ˈpɒsəbəl ]
[ ˈpreʃə ]
[ skriːn ]
[ siːn ]
[ ˈθɪŋk ]
[ tʃes ]
[ ˈkemɪstri ]
[ məˈʃiːn ]
[ mætʃ ]
[ ˈkwestʃən ]