New coronovirus

1. New coronovirus

2.

• SARS-CoV - severe acute respiratory syndrome
outbreaks in 2002 and 2003 in Guangdong
Province, China.
• MERS-CoV was the pathogen responsible for
severe respiratory disease outbreaks in 2012
in the Middle East.
• 2019-nCoV – new one

3.

SARS has flu-like symptoms that usually begin 2 to 7 days after infection
Sometimes, the time between coming into contact with the virus and the start of
symptoms (incubation period) can be up to 10 days.
The symptoms of SARS include:
a high temperature (fever)
extreme tiredness (fatigue)
headaches
chills
muscle pain
loss of appetite
diarrhoea
After these symptoms, the infection will begin to affect your lungs and airways
(respiratory system), leading to additional symptoms, such as:
a dry cough
breathing difficulties
an increasing lack of oxygen in the blood, which can be fatal in the most severe
cases
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sars/

4. The predominant pattern CT

• bilateral (64 [79%] patients)
• peripheral (44 [54%])
• ill-defined (66 [81%]), and ground-glass opacification (53 [65%]),
• mainly involving the right lower lobes (225 [27%] of 849 affected
segments).
• In group 1 (n=15), the predominant pattern was unilateral (nine
[60%]) and multifocal (eight [53%]) ground-glass opacities (14
[93%]). Lesions quickly evolved to bilateral (19 [90%]), diffuse (11
[52%]) ground-glass opacity predominance (17 [81%]) in group 2
(n=21). Thereafter, the prevalence of ground-glass opacities
continued to decrease (17 [57%] of 30 patients in group 3, and five
[33%] of 15 in group 4), and consolidation and mixed patterns
became more frequent (12 [40%] in group 3, eight [53%] in group
4).
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/art
icle/PIIS1473-3099(20)30086-4/fulltext

5. N Zhu et al. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-733.

Three adult patients presented with severe
Chest Radiographs.
pneumonia and were admitted to a hospital in
N Zhu et al. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-733.
Wuhan on December 27, 2019.
Patient 1 - 49-year-old woman
Patient 2 was a 61-year-old man
Patient 3 was a 32-year-old man. Clinical
profiles were available for Patients 1 and 2.
Patient 1 reported having no underlying chronic
medical conditions but reported fever
(temperature, 37°C to 38°C) and cough with
chest discomfort on December 23, 2019. Four
days after the onset of illness, her cough and
chest discomfort worsened, but the fever was
reduced; a diagnosis of pneumonia was based
on computed tomographic (CT) scan. Her
occupation was retailer in the seafood
wholesale market.
Patient 2 initially reported fever and cough on
December 20, 2019; respiratory distress
developed 7 days after the onset of illness and
worsened over the next 2 days (see chest
radiographs, Figure 1), at which time
mechanical ventilation was started. He had
been a frequent visitor to the seafood
wholesale market.
Patients 1 and 3 recovered and were discharged
from the hospital on January 16, 2020. Patient 2
died on January 9, 2020. No biopsy specimens
were obtained.

6.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/art
icle/PIIS1473-3099(20)30086-4/fulltext

7.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/art
icle/PIIS1473-3099(20)30086-4/fulltext

8.

• Treatment is mainly supportive, and may include:
• assisting with breathing using a ventilator to deliver
oxygen
• antibiotics to treat bacteria that cause pneumonia
• antiviral medicines
• high doses of steroids to reduce swelling in the lungs
• There's not much scientific evidence to show that
these treatments are effective. The antiviral medicine
ribavirin is known to be ineffective at treating SARS.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sars/