The head of Egypt state

1.

Name : Hakim Maryou
Group : 21LF2a
topic : for project 3

2.

Contents :
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4.
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9.
The head of Egypt state ……………………………….4
Qualification for the candidate ………………………..7
Manner of election ………………………………….....9
Term of office/ functions ……………………………..10
Termination of his office ……………………………..12
Legislative power …………………………………….13
Parliament …………………………………………....14
Qualifications for the candidates …………………......16
Manner of formation / election and functions ………..17

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Contents :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Executive power ……………………………………..20
Government / council of ministers …………………..21
Functions …………………………………………….23
Judicial power ……………………………………….24
Courts system ………………………………………..25
Conclusion …………………………………………..27

4.

The head of Egypt state :
Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi :
The president is the head of state of Egypt and the Supreme
Commander of the Egyptian Armed Forces. The current
president is Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who has effectively
controlled the country since the 2013 coup d'état, and was
officially elected president in 2014.

5.

The head of Egypt state :
President of Egypt :Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil el-Sisi
(born 19 November 1954) is an Egyptian politician who is the
sixth and current President of Egypt, former Director of Military
Intelligence, former Minister of Defence, and former General.
Starting 10 February 2019, Sisi also began serving a one-year
term as Chairperson of the African Union, which concluded in
2020.
Sisi was born in Cairo and after joining the Egyptian Army, held
a post in Saudi Arabia before enrolling in the Egyptian Army's
Command and Staff College. In 1992, Sisi trained at the Joint
Services Command and Staff College in the United Kingdom,
and then in 2006 trained at the United States Army War College
in Carlisle.

6.

Background :
The first president of Egypt was Mohamed Naguib, one of
the leaders of the Free Officers Movement who led the
Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and who took office on 18
June 1953, the day on which Egypt was declared a Republic.
Since then the office has been held by five further people:
Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, Hosni Mubarak,
Mohamed Morsi and Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In addition, Sufi
Abu Taleb acted as president between Sadat's assassination
and the election of his successor, and Adly Mansour acted as
president after Morsi's overthrow in the 2013 coup d'état.

7.

Qualification for the candidate :
Elections in Egypt are held for the President and a bicameral
legislature. The President of Egypt is elected for a six-year
term by popular vote.
Suffrage is universal and compulsory for every Egyptian
citizen over 18. Failure to vote can result in fine or even
imprisonment ,but in practice a significant percentage of
eligible voters do not vote. About 63 million voters are
registered to vote out of a population of more than 100
million. Turnout in the 2011 parliamentary election was 54%.

8.

Qualification for the candidate :
Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1953) :
The Kingdom of Egypt was granted nominal independence
by the United Kingdom on 28 February 1922. Between the
Declaration of 1922 and the Revolution of 1952, ten general
elections were held (in 1924, 1925, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1936,
1938, 1942, 1945 and 1950).[5] This era is generally known
as Egypt's Liberal Experiment. Egypt has never recovered
the level of political freedom it enjoyed during this period.

9.

Manner of election :
The President of Egypt is elected for a six-year term by
popular vote. Suffrage is universal and compulsory for every
Egyptian citizen over 18. Failure to vote can result in fine or
even imprisonment, but in practice a significant percentage
of eligible voters do not vote.
And, Egyptian presidential elections are held using a tworound system; the next election should be held in 2024. The
House of Representatives sits for a six -year term but can be
dissolved earlier by the president. If the current parliament
lasts the full term, the next elections will be held in 2020.

10.

Terms of office :
Term(s) of office :
Under the Constitution, the president serves for a term of four
years. He is limited to two terms, whether successive or
separated. For example, if incumbent President Sisi had been
unsuccessful in his bid for reelection in 2018, he would have
been eligible to run again in 2022, and if successful would have
had to leave office for good in 2026.
The Egyptian parliament voted overwhelmingly on Thursday 14
February 2019 to approve draft amendments to the country's
2013 constitution, putting an end to presidential term limits and
potentially allowing incumbent President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi
to remain in office until 2034.

11.

Functions :
The president of Egypt is the executive head of state of
Egypt. Under the various iterations of the Constitution
of Egypt following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952,
the president is also the supreme commander of the
Armed Forces, and head of the executive branch of the
Egyptian government.
Residence: Heliopolis Palace, Cairo, Egypt
Precursor: King of Egypt.

12.

Termination of his office :
he Egyptian parliament voted overwhelmingly on Thursday
14 February 2019 to approve draft amendments to the
country's 2013 constitution, putting an end to presidential
term limits and potentially allowing incumbent President
Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi to remain in office until 2034.
Residence: Heliopolis Palace, Cairo, Egypt
Precursor: King of Egypt
Term length: 6 years; renewable, 2 term limits.

13.

Legislative power :
Under the country's 2014 constitution, as the legislative
branch of the Egyptian state the Parliament enacted laws,
approved the general policy of the State, the general plan for
economic and social development and the general budget of
the State, supervised the work of the government.

14.

Parliament of Egypt :
The Parliament of Egypt is the bicameral legislature of the
Arab Republic of Egypt. It is composed of an upper house
(the Senate) and a lower house (the House of
Representatives).
The Parliament is located in Cairo, Egypt's capital. Under the
country's 2014 constitution, as the legislative branch of the
Egyptian state the Parliament enacted laws, approved the
general policy of the State, the general plan for economic and
social development and the general budget of the State.

15.

Parliament of Egypt :
The parliament is made up of 596 seats, with 448 seats
elected through the individual candidacy system, 120 elected
through winner-take-all party lists (with quotas for youth,
women, Christians, and workers) and 28 selected by the
president.
It is the fifth-largest legislative chamber in the world behind
the National People's Congress and the largest parliamentary
body in the Arab world.

16.

Qualifications for the candidates :
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 24–25
October and 7–8 November 2020 to elect the House of
Representatives.
The elections were initially expected to be held in April or
May 2020.[2] President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi ordered
parliament to freeze its activities on 1 October 2019 and
placed the National Security Agency (NSA) in charge of
creating lists of candidates as the General Intelligence
Directorate (GID) had not satisfactorily selected candidates
in the previous election.

17.

Manner of formation / election :
National unity in the manner specified in the Constitution.
And ,No political party shall be formed that discriminates on
the basis of gender, origin candidate for parliamentary
elections must be an Egyptian citizen.
Shura Council as a second Chamber of the Egyptian
Parliament. He argues very strongly ... He considers that the
manner in which these were ... the creation of balance
between the three powers; none alone can dominate rights
and liberties.

18.

Manner of formation / election :
Egyptians will soon vote in a referendum on a new
constitution, their second in just over a year. President the
task of forming parliament, in the manner.

19.

Functions :
The 2014 constitution describes the roles and function of the
parliament in Articles 101 to 138. In addition to its regular
legislative powers, the parliament should review all laws
enacted since Morsi’s ouster—revise, reject, or ratify them—
oversee the executive branch, and approve the annual state
budget. Moreover, the parliament,
for the first time, will have the power to withdraw confidence
from the country’s president.

20.

Executive power :
The President of Egypt is the Head of the State, and he was
also, under the former Egyptian Constitution, the Supreme
Commander of the Armed Forces and Head of the Executive
Authority (the Egyptian Cabinet).
where he/she is only stated to be the Head of the State and
the Head of the National Defence Council. Following the
revocation Declaration 3, it is expected that the President
shall assume the customary powers normally afforded thereto
under a presidential political system.

21.

Government :
The government is the supreme executive and administrative
body of the State, and consists of the Prime Minister, his/her
deputies , the Ministers, and their deputies. The Prime
Minister shall head the government, oversee its work, and
direct the performance of its functions.
The Prime Minister shall be an Egyptian citizen born to
Egyptian parents and neither he/she nor his/her spouse may
hold the nationality of any other country, shall enjoy civil
and political rights.

22.

council of ministers :
Prime Minister : Mostafa Madbouly
Minister of Defence : Mohamed Ahmed Zaki
Minister of Investment and International Cooperation :
Rania Al-Mashat
Minister of Education : Tarek Shawky

23.

Functions :
To collaborate with the President of the Republic in
developing the general policy of the State, and to supervise
its implementation;
2- To maintain the security of the nation, and to protect the
rights of citizens and the interest of the State;
3- To direct, coordinate and follow up on the work of the
ministries and their affiliated public bodies and
organizations;
4- To prepare draft bills and decrees;
5- To issue administrative decrees in accordance with the
law, and to follow up on their implementation.

24.

Judicial power :
Egypt has three supreme courts: the Supreme Constitutional
Court, Court of Cassation, and Supreme Administrative
Court. The Supreme Constitutional Court has exclusive
jurisdiction to decide issues regarding the constitutionality of
laws. The Court of Cassation is the supreme court of the
common court system.

25.

Courts system :
Egypt has three supreme courts: the Supreme Constitutional
Court, Court of Cassation, and Supreme Administrative
Court. The Court of Cassation is the supreme court of the
common court system. The Supreme Administrative Court is
the highest court of the administrative court system, called
the State Council.

26.

Courts system :
The Supreme Judicial Council is the governing body
responsible for the administrative affairs of the ordinary
judiciary. It has seven members, consisting of the President
of the Court of Cassation,
who serves as the council’s president; the two most senior
Vice-Presidents of the Court of Cassation; the Presidents of
the Courts of Appeal for Cairo, Alexandria, and Tanta; and
the Prosecutor General.

27.

Conclusion :
Post-revolutionary Egypt has oscillated between a relatively
progressive constitution, which provides ‘for the first time in
the Republic’s political history, the new parliament enjoys
wide prerogatives that effectively make it a powerful
authority that could bring equilibrium to the decision-making
process ,and the provisions of the latest electoral law that
virtually guarantee a strong majority of deputies close to and
supportive of the regime.
Under these contradictory conditions, new independent
parties will play little role in governance, and the parliament
will be weak compared to the president, the prime minister.