Energy audit

1.

ENERGY AUDIT

2.

The ENCON Process
Project
Identification
Scanning
ENCON Potential
USD, kWh/year
Profit
Simplified
Auditing
Detailed Auditing
with guarantee
Business Planning
Project
Management
Implementation
Training
Maintenance
Operation
Energy
Monitoring

3.

Energy Audit
Objective :
1.
Make an Energy Audit Report to be used as a platform for
implementing the ENCON measures
If the ENCON potential is profitable:
2.
Convince the building owner to continue
the ENCON Process

4.

Simplified Energy Audit
accuracy of ± 10 - 15 %
Detailed Energy Audit
accuracy of ± 5 - 10 %
Energy Audit Report
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Summary
Introduction
Project Organization
Standards and Regulations
Building State Description
Energy Consumption
ENCON Potential
ENCON Measures
Environment
Implementation
Financing
Energy guarantee
Operation and Maintenance
Energy Management

5.

The Energy Audit Process
Preparatio
n
Inspection
Building State Description
Energy calculations
Economic calculations
ENCON Potential
Energy Audit Report
Presentatio
n

6.

The Energy Audit Process
ENSI® General Building Data
Scanning Report
ENSI® Inspection Checklist - Scanning
Inspection
ENSI® Inspection Checklist
Measuring equipment
Building State Description
ENSI® General Building Data
ENSI® Inspection Checklist
Drawings / Technical Specifications
Preparatio
n
Energy calculations
ENSI® Key Numbers/ Energy calculation software
Correlation between ENCON measures and Key Number parameters
ENCON Potential
Energy Budget - Energy Audit
Economic calculations
ENCON Measures - Investments
ENCON Potential
ENCON Potential
ENCON Potential - Energy Audit
Energy Audit Report
Energy Audit Report
Presentatio
n

7.

Detailed Energy Audit
More detailed inspections
More measurements
More detailed building state description
More detailed energy calculations
More detailed economic calculations
More detailed Energy Audit Report
Smaller deviations of results (± 5 - 10 % versus ± 10 - 15 %)
Energy Guarantee

8.

Preparation
Signing of an Energy Audit Contract
Evaluation of the gathered information from the Scanning
Preparation for a new inspection
The better prepared you are,
the more efficient the inspection will be !

9.

Inspection
Building envelope
Heating system
Ventilation system
Domestic hot water system
Fans and pumps
Lighting system
Air conditioning system
Operation and maintenance routines
User pattern
Tools/forms :
ENSI® Inspection Checklist

10.

ENSI® INSPECTION CHECKLIST
4. Ventilation System
Yes No
Yes No
Ventilation system
Natural
Cooling coil
Mechanical exhaust
Balanced
…………… kW
Automatic control, ventilation system
Ventilation rate
…16 000… m³/h
Operation period
h/week
………45…
η …………… %
Heat exchanger
Page 4
Type ……………………………………
Recycled air ……………………………………
No
Poor
Modern
Temp. [ºC]
Set point
Measured
Supply air
………..
…20,1..
Exhaust air
………..
…22,1..
Other Outdoor
………..
…10,6..
Balanced ventilation ducts
Mechanical humidifying
Dampers
Poor
Closing
Sealed
Hot air heating system
Heating coil
Water based
Total capacity
Electric
Filter
Supply
Exhaust
Insulated ducts
Supply
Exhaust
…………… kW
Comments
Measurements:
Ventilation rate:
Pressure drop:
Supply air
15 940 m³/h
Exhaust air
15 870 m³/h
Dampers
Filters
20 Pa
185/205 Pa

11.

ENCON Measures in Ventilation System
Balancing of the ventilation ducts
Installation of tight dampers
Installation of two-step fan motors
Installation of new fans
Installation of heat exchanger
New ventilation system with heat exchanger
Cleaning of heat exchanger
Frequency control of fans
Installation of timer control
Repairing of automatic control system
New automatic control system
Personal detector control
Installation/changing of filters
Removal of humidifier
Operation and maintenance manual
……………..……………………………………
………………………………………………………
……………..……………………………………

12.

Building State Description
General conditions
Building envelope
Heating system
Ventilation system
Domestic hot water system
Fans and pumps
Lighting system
Various equipment
Cooling system
Outdoor

13.

Building State Description
Building envelope
External wall
The external walls consist of expanded clay granulate,
250 mm, with no insulation.
U wall
= 0,9 W/m²K
Windows
The windows have double glasses with wooden frame and
without energy coating.
U window
= 3,0 W/m²K
Roof
Angled roof with attic. The attic floor is covered with hardburned elements, with no insulation.
U roof
= 0,65 W/m²K
… to be continued

14.

Ventilation system - Technical data
Parameters
Design
Measured
Supply air
[m³/h]
16 000
15 940
Exhaust air
[m³/h]
16 000
15 870
Operation period
[h/week]
45
Operation period
[weeks/year]
48
Heat exchanger
[%]
Heating coil
[kW]
215
Supply air
[ºC]
20
20,1 *)
Exhaust air
[ºC]
22
22,1 *)
0
*) measured at 10,6 ºC outdoor temperature

15.

Energy Calculations
Energy consumption before ENCON
Energy saving from ENCON measures
Simplified Energy Audit
ENSI® Key Number Software
Detailed Energy Audit
Energy calculation software

16.

ENSI Key Numbers
Parameter
Reference building:
Office building
Condition:
1987
Climatic zone:
Southern Norway, inland
Reference Condition Before
Sensitivity [kWh/m2 yr]
ENCON
1. HEATING
62
kWh/m2yr
2
0,9
39,3
+ 0,1 W/m K = + 6,55
2
0,3
- 39,3
2
3,0
8,9
+ 0,1 W/m K = + 1,49
2
1,5
- 22,4
2
0,65
7,6
+ 0,1 W/m K = + 1,69
2
0,2
- 7,6
2
0,4
1,7
+ 0,1 W/m K = + 1,69
= + 11,3
0,3
- 33,9
+ 1 W/m
2
= - 0,7
6,0
4,2
+ 1 W/m
2
= - 0,7
0,30 W/m K
U-window
2,40 W/m K
U-roof
0,20 W/m K
U-floor
0,30 W/m K
Form-factor
0,36
+ 0,1
= + 9,0
Window area
15 %
+1%
= + 1,7
Total solar gain
0,55
+ 0,1
= - 1,5
Infiltration
0,25 h
0,6
Lighting
16 W/m
2
Various equipment
11 W/m
2
Sum 1
Net room height
Sum 2
After
measure ENCON
U-wall
-1
ENCON
12,0
39,6
2,8
2
-1
+ 0,1 h
161,9
3,2 m
+ 10 %
161,9
= + 7 % of sum 1

17.

ENSI® KEY NUMBERS
Sum 2
161,9
Indoor temperature
21 ºC
24
34,6
+ 1 ºC
=
+ 7 % of sum 2
22,0
- 23,1
Distribution system
98 %
90
13,0
+1%
=
- 1 % of sum 2
94
- 6,5
Automatic control
Modern
Poor
4,9
Poor
=
+ 3 % of sum 2
Modern
- 4,9
Manual
=
+ 5 % of sum 2
No
=
+ 7 % of sum 2
Yes
- 11,3
+1%
=
- 1 % of sum 3
98
- 18,1
Temperature set back
Yes
No
Sum 3
225,6
O&M / Energy management 98 %
Sum 4
Energy supply efficiency
1. Heating corrected
11,3
90
18,1
243,7
100 %
81,0
+1%
243,7
=
- 1 % of sum 4
81,0

18.

ENERGY BUDGET - ENERGY AUDIT
Budget Item
Before
Before
Before
After
After
ENCON
ENCON
ENCON
ENCON
ENCON and
Calculated
Measured
Adjusted
renovation
[kWh/m²year] [kWh/m²year] [kWh/m²year] [kWh/m²year] [kWh/m²year]
1. Heating
244
81
17
17
2. Ventilation
45
3. Domestic Hot Water
15
12
12
4. Fans / Pumps
13
12
12
5. Lighting
24
12
12
6. Various
19
19
19
7. Cooling
0
0
0
0
360
357
225
153
Total
300
153
57

19.

Economic Calculations
Net saving
Investments
Profitability
(USD/year)
(USD)
(Payback and NPVQ)
Use accurate prices based on detailed calculations
and/or tenders when calculating the investments

20.

Measure:
Insulation of external walls
Existing situation
The external walls consist of expanded clay granulate elements, 250 mm with no insulation.
U wall = 0,9 W/m²K
Description
External insulation with 100 mm mineral-wool, class A, plus a new external brickwork
facade. This will reduce the U wall to 0,3 W/m²K.
Calculation of savings (by ENSI® Key Numbers)
ΔU
0,9 - 0,3 = 0,6 W/m²K ; 0,1 W/m²K = 6,55 kWh/m²year
Energy saving: 6 · 6,55 = 39,3 kWh/m²year, 39,3 kWh/m²year · 2 300 m²=
90 390 kWh/year · 0,10 USD/kWh
Investment
Design/Planning
Project Management
Components
Installation
Control and testing
As-built documentation
Other expenses
Taxes, VAT
Total investment
90 390 kWh/year
9 040 USD/year
13 000
6 000
55 000
66 000
3 000
3 000
2 000
37 000
185 000 USD

21.

ENCON Potential
Building:
Project no.:
®
ENSI Head Office
Measures
Heated area:
10131
Energy Savings
2 300
m²
Economy
Δ O&M
Net
savings
[kWh/m2yr] [kWh/yr] [USD/yr] [USD/yr]
Investment
[USD]
Insulation of external walls
39,3
90 390
0
9 040 185 000
New windows
56,3 129 490
0
12 950 155 000
Pay- NPVQ
back
**
[yr]
20,5 - 0,39
12
0,04
7,6
17 480
0
1 750
12 500
7,2
0,73
33,9
78 000
0
7 800
10 000
1,3
2,20
23,1
53 800
0
5 400
22 500
4,2
0,69
6,5
14 950
0
1 500
9 500
6,3
0,43
Automatic control system
17,3
39 790
500*
3 480
20 000
5,7
0,22
Operation and maintenance manuals
/ Energy management system
23,5
54 050
1 000*
4 400
15 000
3,4
1,06
Heat recovery, ventilation system
22,4
51 520
500*
4 650
25 000
5,4
0,31
Energy efficient showers
1,0
2 300
0
200
400
2,0
2,51
New light fittings
9,8
22 500
0
2 500
43 000
135,3
311 890
2 000
Insulation of attic floor
Sealing of windows
Balancing of heating system and
thermostatic valves
Insulation of pipes, valves etc.
Total (profitable measures, marked •)
*)
**)
29 180 114 900
Only additional costs to external service company is included.
Real interest rate 7 %.
15 - 0,39
3,9

22.

ENCON Potential - Energy Audit
Building:
Project no:
10130
®
ENSI Head Office, Oslo
ENCON measures
Investment
[USD]
1. Energy efficient showers
Heated area:
2 300 m²
Net saving
[kWh/yr]
[USD/yr]
Payback
NPVQ*
[year]
400
2 300
200
2,0
2,51
2. Sealing of windows
10 000
78 000
7 800
1,3
2,20
3. O&M manuals / Energy monitoring
15 000
54 050
4 400
3,4
1,06
4. Insulation of attic
12 500
17 480
1 750
6,9
0,73
5. Balancing and thermostatic valves
22 500
53 800
5 400
4,2
0,69
9 500
14 950
1 500
5,3
0,43
7. Heat recovery, ventilation system
25 000
37 000
4 650
5,4
0,31
8. Automatic control
20 000
39 790
3 480
5,7
0,22
Total ENCON measures
114 900
311 890
29 180
3,9
155 000
129 490
12 950
12
0,04
185 000
90 390
9 040
20,5
- 0,33
43 000
22 500
2 900
15
- 0,39
487 900
476 270
46 270
10,5
6. Insulation of pipes, etc.
9. New windows
10. Insulation of walls
11. New light fittings
Total all measures
*)
Real interest rate 7 %.

23.

Implementation
Activity
Milestone
Sign Contract, Design/planning
01.10.01
Planning and preparation of tender documents
01.12.01
Calculation by contractors
-
Tender documents returned from contractors
10.02.02
Evaluations
20.02.02
Contract with contractor
01.03.02
Contract Project Management
01.03.02
Contractor preparations
15.03.02
Implementation
01.04.02
Implementation finished
01.08.02
Commissioning
15.08.02
Start up: Operation and maintenance
01.08.02
Start up: Energy management
01.08.02
Take-over
30.09.02

24.

Cashflow
Sum of all annual in and out payments through the economic
lifetime of the project:
Investment
Annual net saving
Inflation rate
Financing
I0
B
b · 100
114 900 USD
30 800 USD/year
5 %
Investment Interest Rate
USD
Years
%
Loan 1
ENCON Fund
60 000
6,0
5
Loan 2
Norwegian Bank
30 000
12,0
8
Equity capital
Total
24 900
114 900

25.

CASHFLOW
Year
Net
Loan
Equity
saving
0
0
1
30 800
2
Cashflow
capital
24 900
Accumulated
Cashflow
- 24 900
- 24 900
20 283
10 517
- 14 383
32 340
20 283
12 057
- 2 326
3
33 957
20 283
13 674
11 348
4
35 655
20 283
15 372
26 720
5
37 438
20 283
17 155
43 875
6
39 309
6 039
33 270
77 145
7
41 275
6 039
35 236
112 381
8
43 339
6 039
37 300
149 681
9
45 506
0
45 506
195 187
10
47 781
0
47 781
242 968

26.

Energy Audit Report
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Summary
Introduction
Project Organization
Standards and Regulations
Building State Description
Energy Consumption
ENCON Potential
ENCON Measures
Environment
Implementation
Financing
Energy guarantee
Operation and Maintenance
Energy Monitoring
Annex (if necessary)

27.

Presentation
Concentrate on the economic aspect
Profitable both for the building owner and ENCON consultant ?
Use the Energy Audit Report to convince the
building owner to continue the ENCON process
Make sure to end the meeting with
an agreement on further actions
Good luck !