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Materials. Metals non-metals
1.
Materials2.
Engineering materials are divided into maingroups:
metals
non-metals
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1. MetalsAs iron is a widely used material, metals
are divided into:
ferrous (>90%)
non-ferrous
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Ferrous metalsIron and iron-based alloys:
steel
ferroalloy
cast iron
manganese, chromium
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Non-ferrous metalsaluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin,
titanium, zinc
alloys: bronze, brass, duralumin
precious metals: gold, silver,
platinum
exotic & rare metals: cobalt,
mercury, tungsten, germanium,
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2. Non-metalsorganic non-metals
based on carbon
inorganic nonmetals do not
contain carbonhydrogen bonds
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Organic non-metalsnatural organic non-metals:
o
o
wood
natural polymers
• latex, rubber
• resins
synthetic organic non-metals:
o
synthetic polymers (plastics)
• thermoplastics
• thermosetting plastics
• elastomers
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Inorganic non-metalsnatural inorganic non-metals:
o minerals
o silicon
synthetic inorganic non-metals:
o ceramics
o glass
o cement
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3. Chemical compositionelements – pure
materials which
cannot be broken
down into different
constituents
iron, carbon,
aluminium
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compounds consist of two or moreelements that are combined by a
chemical reaction
water (oxygen + hydrogen)
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mixtures consist of two or more elementsor compounds which are mixed together,
but not chemically bound
alloys
alloying metals are added in small quantities
to alloys to improve properties of a material
chromium, manganese, tungsten
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4. Compositematerials
reinforcement is the
structural network that
reinforces the material
inside
steel rods, carbon
fibre
matrix
concrete, plastic
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Laminar compositeслоистый
two or more layers of
different materials
bonded together
Fiber-reinforced
composite
волокнистый
Particulate composite
дисперсноупрочнен
ный
chopped or
continuous fibers
embedded particles