Жалпы хирургия. Blood transfusion

1.

С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ
ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАЗАХСКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ С.Д.АСФЕНДИЯРОВА
Жалпы хирургия
Blood transfusion
ОРЫНДАҒАН: ТҰРАР А.Р.
ГРУППА:ЖМ 14-026-01
ТЕКСЕРГЕН: МУКАНОВ М.У.
Алматы,2016 жыл

2. OVERVIEW

Blood Transfusion
Components of the Blood
Blood transfusion products
Compatibility test
Indications for blood transfusion
Adverse effects of blood transfusion
Nursing Responsibilities
Steps in Administering Blood Transfusion products

3.

4.

5. What is the blood transfusion?

Blood transfusion is a medical treatment that replaces
blood lost through injury, surgery, or disease. The blood
goes through a tube from a bag to an intravenous (IV)
catheter and into your vein.

6. When is a blood transfusion needed?

You may need a blood transfusion if you lose too much
blood, such as through:
Injury or major surgery.
An illness that causes bleeding, such as ableeding ulcer.
An illness that destroys blood cells, such as hemolytic
anemia or thrombocytopenia.

7. Is a blood transfusion safe?

Blood used for transfusions in the United States is very
safe and generally free from disease. Donated blood is
carefully tested and tracked. It is very rare to get a disease
through a blood transfusion.
Getting the wrong blood type by accident is the main risk
in a blood transfusion, but it is rare. For every 1 million
units of blood transfused, getting the wrong blood type
happens, at the most, 4 times. Transfusion with the wrong
blood type can cause a severe reaction that may be lifethreatening.

8.

Some people bank their own blood a few weeks before
they have surgery. If they need a transfusion during
surgery, they can receive their own banked blood. This
reduces the risk of disease and transfusion reaction from
donated blood.

9. You may have a mild allergic reaction even if you get the correct blood type. Signs of a reaction include:

You may have a mild allergic reaction even if you get
the correct blood type. Signs of a reaction include:
A fever.
Hives.
Shortness of breath.
Pain.
A fast heart rate.
Chills.
Low blood pressure.

10. How you prepare

Your blood will be tested before a transfusion to
determine whether your blood type is A, B, AB or O and
whether your blood is Rh positive or Rh negative. The
donated blood used for your transfusion must be
compatible with your blood type.
You don't need to change your activity levels or diet
before a transfusion.
If you've had a reaction to prior blood transfusions, be
sure to tell your doctor.

11. What you can expect

Blood transfusions are usually done in a hospital, an
outpatient clinic or a doctor's office. A blood transfusion
typically takes one to four hours, depending on which
parts of the blood you receive and how much blood you
need. You're usually seated or lying down for the
procedure.

12. During the procedure

Before the transfusion begins, an identification check
will be done to ensure you're being given the correct
blood. Then an IV line with a needle is inserted into one
of your blood vessels. The donated blood that's been
stored in a plastic bag enters your bloodstream through
the IV. A nurse will monitor you throughout the
procedure.

13. Tell your nurse immediately if you develop:

Fever
Shortness of breath
Pain at the site of transfusion
Chills
Unusual itching
A sense of uneasiness

14. After the procedure

The needle and IV line will be removed. You may
develop a small bruise around the IV site, but this should
go away with time.

15. Results

You may need further blood testing to see how your body is
responding to the donor blood and to check if your blood
counts have reached an appropriate level.
For example, if before the transfusion you were anemic,
meaning you had low levels of red blood cells, your doctor will
check to see how much the transfusion raised your red blood
cell count.
Or, if you've had low platelets because of chemotherapy drugs,
your doctor may test your blood to see whether the transfusion
sufficiently boosted your platelet count. Some conditions
require repeated blood transfusions.