Thirteen colonies stair. The northern, middle, and southern colonies

1. The Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies

2. The New England Colonies

3. Geography

Location
New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode
Island
Terrain
Hills and low mountains, narrow plains along
coast
Thin and rocky soil (difficult for farming)
Weather and Resources
Large areas covered by forests
Richest
fishing in the world
off the coastline

4. Establishment

Chartered by the Puritans
Wanted
to reform the Church of
England
Persecuted by King Charles I in 1620s
Left England in 1630
900 puritans on 11 ships
Known as the Massachusetts Bay
Company
Led by John Winthrop

5. Growth and Change

New England colonists
earned their livelihoods in
several different ways
Leather goods, fishing,
shipbuilding
English colonies were free
to expand after the end of
the Native American
Uprising called King
Philips War
Stern religious rule had
less influence over the later
generations than it did
over the original founders

6. New England Colonies – Comprehension Check

Question 1:
Why were the New England
Colonies founded?
A.
Religious freedom
B. Sandy soil that was ideal for
growing tobacco

7. New England Colonies – Comprehension Check

Question 2:
How did most New England
colonists make their living?
A.
Wheat farming
B. Fishing and shipbuilding
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8. The Middle Colonies

9. Geography

Location
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware
Terrain
Mostly lowland
Weather and Resources
Warmer climate, with longer growing season
Fertile soil well suited for wheat, fruits, and vegetables

10. Establishment

New York began as the Dutch colony of New
Netherland
Was an economic success (farming and trade)
In 1664 King Charles II of England granted all Dutch
lands to his brother James
James sent warships and the Dutch surrendered immediately
The colony was then renamed New York

11. Growth and Change

Wheat was the top cash crop in this area, produced
by small farms
Wheat
= America’s breadbasket
Manufacturing and Trade Artisans were also
prevalent
Non-English immigrants made the Middle Colonies
the most diverse part of English North America

12. Middle Colonies – Comprehension Check

Question 1:
Where did most of the colonists in
the Middle Colonies come from?
A. Spain
B. Netherlands

13. Middle Colonies – Comprehension Check

Question 2:
What is the main cash crop in the
Middle Colonies?
A. Cotton
B. Wheat
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14. The Southern Colonies

15. Geography

Location
South of the Mason-Dixon Line
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
Terrain
Coastal area (Tidewater)
Flat lowland with many swampy areas
Rolling hills (Piedmont)
Weather and Resources
Climate is warm and humid
Hot summers with long growing season
Farming: tobacco and rice

16. Establishment

In 1632 King Charles I granted charter for a colony
in Maryland
Chartered by the Catholics
Were discriminated greatly in England
Led by George Calvert
Goal: to create a colony where Catholics could live safely
First settlers included both Catholics and Protestants
Religious toleration
Act of Toleration in 1649
All adult male Christians the right to vote and hold office

17. Growth and Change

Two distinct ways of life
The
Tidewater region
Plantations – crops of cotton,
sugar, tobacco, and rice
Helped promote the spread of slavery
The Backcountry
Cut off from the coast by poor roads and long
distances
Families lived in isolated farms

18. Southern Colonies – Comprehension Check

Question 1:
What is the climate in the
Southern Colonies?
A. Cold and rainy
B. Warm and humid

19. Southern Colonies – Comprehension Check

Question 2:
What are the two distinct ways of
life in the Southern Colonies?
A. Tidewater and Backcountry
B. Tidewater and Piedmont
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20. Summary

The English colonies developed along
distinct regional lines
They were founded for many reasons
including religious and political
freedom, economy, and conquest
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