Stereotyping as socio-phycological phenomena – case of chinese culture groups

1. STEREOTYPING AS SOCIO-PHYCOLOGICAL PHENOMENA – CASE OF CHINESE CULTURE GROUPS

by
SOFIIENKO OLHA (索菲娅
Shanghai International Studies University
International Relations

2. Plan

1. Social-Psychology Studies Overview
• Best known figures
• Relation to IR
• Areas for expending
2. Stereotyping as a socio-psychological phenomena
• Defining the phenomena
• Stereotyping categories
• Illusion theory
3. Stereotyping of Chinese culture groups
• Widely held stereotypes
• Stereotyping of Chinese by Chinese
4. Negative outcomes of stereotyping
• Prejudice, discrimination, racism
• Stereotype threat
5. Suggestions for minimizing the negative stereotyping of Chinese culture groups

3. Interdisciplinary dimensions of IR

Kulich, S.J. (2003)

4. Areas for Expanding Field of Social-Psychology in IR Studies

SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
• Personal Identity
• Cultural Identity
• The Interaction and Identity of Mainstream, Minority, SubCultures, Fringe Cultures
• Values, Beliefs, World Views
• Interaction and Personal Face Negotiation
• Awareness, Perception, Expectations, Ambiguity
• Categorization/Attribution - Stereotypes and
Generalizations
• Ethnocentrism, Prejudice, Discrimination, Racism, Violence
vs. Tolerance
Kulich, S.J. (2003)

5. What is Social-Psychology?

6.

What does
Social-Psychology study?
in interaction with others

7. Best known figures in Social-Psychology

• Triplett, Norman (phenomenon of social
facilitation, 1898)
• McDougall, William (An Introduction to Social
Psychology, 1908)
• Allport, Floyd Henry (a founder of experimental
social psychology, Social Psychology, 1924 )
• Allport, Gordon Willard
• Lewin, Kurt , 1936
• Tajfel, Henri (Social Identity theory, 1970)

8.

stereotype as a printing process

9. Stereotyping

- a selection process that is used to organize and
simplify perceptions of others.
(Walter Lippmann, 1922)
- mistakes our brain makes in the perception of
other people that are similar to those mistakes our
brain makes in the perception of visual illusions.
(Richard Nisbett, 1980)

10. Stereotype is an illusion

11.

12.

13. Stereotyping categories

Countries
Regions within countries
Cities
Cultures
Race
Religion
Age
Occupations
Relational roles
Physical characteristics
Social class
by Myron W. Lustig

14.

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17. Stereotypes about Chinese

America
Thailand
Italy
France
Ukraine
Cameroon
Colombia
Ecuador
Brazil
Bulgaria
Poland
Belarus
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
Russia
Eat dogs and insects
Lack of good manners
Look the same
Produce “bad quality” goods
Kung- Fu fighters
Hardworking
Good in math
Disciplined
Good in business
Rich
Speak incomprehensive
language
Live in big groups

18. Stereotypes about Chinese by Chinese

Source : https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/03/04/a-map-of-china-by-stereotype/

19. What are the negative effects of stereotyping?

- Unawareness of real picture;
-
Prejudice;
Discrimination;
Racism;
Hate.

20.

Stereotype threat - a situational predicament in
which individuals are at risk, by dint of their
actions or behaviors, of confirming negative
stereotypes about their group.
(Steele & Aronson, 1995).
Stereotype boost - when people perform better than they
otherwise would have, because of exposure to positive
stereotypes.

21. Suggestions for minimizing the negative stereotyping of Chinese culture groups

(Both hand process)
Improve intercultural competence;
Keep an open mind;
Maintain a good sense of self-awareness and self-analysis;
Facilitate the access to the Internet World;
Motivate foreign languages learning;
Improve tourism;
Bring Chinese cinematography to the world stage;
Develop friendships with people from other parts of the world.

22.

23. https://www.postcrossing.com/

24. Literature review

1. Allport, H. F. (1924). Social psychology. The University of California. Houghton Mifflin.
2. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books.
3. Berry, J. W. (1999). On the unity of the field of culture and psychology. In J. Adamopoulos
& Y. Kashima (Eds.), Social psychology and cultural context (pp. 7-16). Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.
4. Bond, Michael H. (1991). Beyond the Chinese Face, Oxford: Oxford Press.
5. Chu, G. C., & Hsu, F. L. K. (Eds.) (1979). Moving a mountain: Cultural change in China.
Honolulu, HI: University Press of Hawaii.
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in China. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
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prejudice reduction. In D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and
stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception. San Diego, CA: Academic.
8. Festinger, L., Schachter, S., & Back, K. (1950). Social processes in informal groups.
9. Graumann, C. F. and Wintermantel, M. (1989). Discriminatory Speech Acts : A Functional
Approach, Stereotyping and Prejustice: Changing conceptions (New York: Spinger-Verlag,)
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11. Hall, E. T. (1959). The silent language. New York, NY: Doubleday.
12. Inzlicht, M. and Schmader T. (2012) Stereotype Threat: Theory, Process, and Application.
New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.

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13. Jandt, Fred E. (2003). An Introduction to Intercultural Communication: identities in a global
community (4thed.). USA
14. Kulich, Steve (2002). Using a Measure of Cross-Cultural Adaptability to develop Intercultural
Communications in China, in Foreign Language and Culture Studies, Vol 2, Wu Youfu, ed., Shanghai
Foreign Language Education Press.
15. Kulich, Steve (2003). Beyond Language to Culture’s Interdisciplinary Dimensions – Toward A
Broader Focus in Intercultural Communications (Introducing the “Advancing Intercultural Studies”
Project) Foreign Language and Culture Studies, Volume 3, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language
and Education Press.
16. Kulich, Steve and Zhang, Rui (2009). The multiple frames of “Chinese” values: from tradition to
modernity and beyond, Oxford Hand book (Michael Bond, Ed., 2010)
17. Lippmann, Walter (1922). Public opinion (New York: Harcourt, Brace) 25.
18. Lustig, M.W., & Koester, J. (2006). Intercultural competence: Interpersonal communication across
cultures (5thed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education/Allyn and Bacon.
19. Martin, J.N., & Nakayama, T.K., (1999). International Communication in Contexts (4thed.).
California: Mayfield Publishing Company.
20. Mcdougall, W. (1908). An introduction to social psychology. Londres: Methuen.
21. Nisbett, R. E. (2003). The geography of thought: How Asians and Westerns think differently and
why. New York, NY: The Free Press.
22. Schwartz, S. H., & Struch, N. (1989). Values, stereotypes, and intergroup antagonism. In D. Bar-Tal,
C. F. Graumann, A.W. Kruglanski, & W. Stroebe (Eds.), Stereotyping and prejudice: Changing
conceptions. New York, NY:
23. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup
behavior. European journal of social psychology, 1(2), 149-178.
24. Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups. London, UK: Academic Press.
25. Tajfel, H. (1982). Human groups and social categories. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University
Press.

26. Thank you!!!