Database and management. Lecture 1

1.

Subject: “Database Management Systems 1”
Prerequisite: Programming languages
Number of credits: 3 (2/1/0)
Term: Spring 2018
Instructor’s full name: Lyazat Naizabayeva

2. Lecture 1

Data Administrator
Database Administrator
Database designer
◦ Database Design Process
The architecture of a database management
systems

3. Why necessary to use a database management system?

planning discipline
The traditional
approach to data
processing has the
following drawbacks:
data subjects
student data
Admission of students
student data
• Duplication of data
• The inconsistency
of data.
data teachers
teachers schedule
data subjects
planning for the
semester
data term
data subjects
Link between the application and data files.

4. Approach using a database management system

Advantages of the
approach using a
database management
system:
• it reduces redundancy;
• eliminates the
inconsistency;
• sharing of data;
• comply with the
standards;
• introduce security
measures;
• supports data integrity.
data subjects
planning
discipline
student data
Admission of
students
teachers schedule
data teachers
planning for the
semester
data semester

5.

1. Discuss the several major function
of data administrator and database administrator.
Data Administration:
A high-level function that is responsible for
the overall management of data resources in an organization,
including maintaining corporate-wide definitions and
standards
Database Administration:
A technical function that is responsible for
logical and physical database design and for dealing with
technical issues such as security enforcement, database
performance, and backup and recovery

6.

Data Administrator is responsible for :
Specification of organization data.
The design and maintenance of data management
application.
Validating the data and files.
Security of files or databases.
Database Administrator is responsible for :
reviewing the contents in the database
designing, implementing the database
to backed up data regularly
prevent from unauthorized access.

7. Data modeling responsibilities

8.

2. What is the difference between database administrator
and database designer?
The designer will learn from the applications designers
the data types,
quantities,
relationships,
and desired operations (searches, sorts, updates, etc.)
work with the developers to design a structure/schema
Database designer considering matters such as
unique keys, primary and foreign keys,
data types, counters, naming, table relationships, search and
sort elements,
database normalization, search and sort efficiency, and data
integrity.

9. Design and development of database

Development and implementation of a database in the
organization must be performed in sequence.
• Preliminary design
• Analysis of feasibility
• Determine requirements
• Conceptual design
• Implementation
-select DBMS and get it,
- convert the detailed conceptual model in a real model DBMS
- create a data dictionary,
- populate the database,
- develop application programs and to train users.
• Testing and maintenance of the database.

10. Database Design Process

Application Domain
or Universe of Discourse
using ER model or UML
Data Modelling
Conceptual Model
using Data Model of the
target DBMS
Logical Database Design
Logical Model
DBMS specific
resource-based
optimization
Physical Database Design
Physical Model

11. Logical/Physical database design

Relational
database design
Normalization &
Physical design
SQL
table definitions
RDBMS
Object-Relational
database design
Normalization &
Physical design
Extended-SQL
table definitions
ORDBMS
Object-Oriented
database schema
in ODL
Optimization
Mapping onto
Relations
(no operations)
UML class
diagram
Mapping onto
Relations and Object
types
Mapping directly
onto ODL classes
OODBMS

12. Architecture of a database management system

External
level 1
C++
External
level 2
C#
The conceptual
level
External
level 3
Java, …
The architecture of a database management
system can be divided into three levels:
The external level: This presentation
describes only part of actually existing
database.
The conceptual level: conceptual level
represents the entire database as a whole,
and is used by the database administrator.
The internal level: at this level there is a
physical data storage, and it is the lowest
level in the architecture.
SQL
The internal level
Assembler, machine
language,…

13. Examples of levels of database architecture

The external level:
cout << “Emp#”<< EMPLOYEE_CODE;
cout << “Dept#”<<DEPARTMENT_CODE;
cout<< “Salary”<< SALARY;
The conceptual level:
EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYEE_CODE CHARACTER 6
DEPARATMENT_CODE CHARACTER 4
SALARY NUMERIC 5
The internal level:
STORED EMPLOYEE LENGTH=18
PREFIX TYPE=BYTE(6), OFFSET=0
EMP# TYPE=BYTE(4), OFFSET=6, INDEX EMPX
DEPT# TYPE =BYTE (4), OFFSET=12
SALARY=BYTE (4), OFFSET=16

14. review

Why need to use a database management
system?
The major function of data administrator and
database administrator.
What is the difference between database
administrator and database designer?
Database Design Process
The architecture of a database management
system