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Catholics vs Protestants: the dawn of Republicanism
1. Catholics vs Protestants: the dawn of Republicanism
CATHOLICS VS PROTESTANTS: THEDAWN OF REPUBLICANISM
CLASS 4. IRELAND IN THE XVII – XVIIITH CENTURIES
2. Overview:
Ireland in the 16th centuryPoynings’ Law
Religious issues
Ireland in the 17th century
Flight of the Earls
Oliver Cromwell
James II vs William of Orange
Ireland in the 18th century
Catholics vs Protestants
Industry
Theobald Wolfe Tone
3. Ireland in the XVI-th century
Henry VII (1485 – 1509)1494 Sir Edward Poynings
made Lord-Deputy of
Ireland
1495 “Poynings’ Law”: the
Irish Parliament – English
King’s permission – laws –
approved by the King of
England
Henry VII
4. Ireland in the XVI-th century
Henry VIII (1509 – 1547)Head of the Irish Church
The Reformation
To make Ireland
Protestant
1541 recognized as King
of Ireland by the Irish
Parliament
Religious issues!
Henry VIII
5. Ireland in the XVI-th century
Edward VI (1547 – 1553)Policy hardened
Military campaigns against
Irish chiefs
Attempt to “plant” loyal
English people in Ireland
Land confiscated -> given
to English settlers
attacks from the Irish
Edward VI
6. Ireland in the XVI-th century
Mary I (1553 – 1558)Elisabeth I (1558 – 1603)
1st successful plantation
1579 – 1583 Earl
Desmond: rebellion
Laois /ˈliːʃ/ and Offally
Crushed, the land
confiscated, given to
English colonists
1592 Trinity College
founded
Queen
Elisabeth I
Queen Mary I
7. Ireland in the XVI-th century
1593 – 1603 rebellion inUlster
Hugh O’Neill the Earl of
Tyrone, an Irish Gaelic
lord
Leader of the rebellion
1598 Victory at Yellow
Ford
1601 the battle of Kinsale
O’Neill defeated
Hugh
O’Neill
8. Ireland in the XVII-th century
1607 Hugh O’Neill and RoryO’Donnell -> to France -> the
flight of the Earls
Land confiscated
James I: the plantation of Ulster
(1610 – 1613)
Protestant settlers:
outnumbering the native Irish
1641 rebellion in Ulster,
massacres of Protestants
Co. Donegal
9. Ireland in the XVII-th century
1642 – 1651: the Civil War inEngland, King Charles I executed
(1649)
Oliver Cromwell: to crush
resistance, impose Protestantism
1649 Drogheda captured,
defenders massacred
The civil population terrorized
The 1652 Act of Settlement ->
Oliver
Cromwell
The Catholic nobility -> Connaught
A new Protestant ruling class
10. The man who could take Drogheda could take hell. - Sir Arthur Aston, Royalist commander of Drogheda
Oliver Cromwell mural inNorthern Ireland
11. Ireland in the XVII-th century
1653 – 1654 – another plantationIrish Catholics -> less fertile lands west
of the River Shannon
Confiscated lands -> Englishmen
1660 – export of cattle to England
banned
Booming exports of meat and butter
Ireland: lower labour costs
1699 – export of wool forbidden
(England! + )
High import duties, little demand,
exports ended
12. Ireland in the XVII-th century
England: James II: Catholic, unpopular.1688: deposed, fled to France
William of
Orange
William of Orange and his wife Mary invited
(Dutch, Protestant)
1689: James, Jacobites, Kinsale
Derry: William
1689: James, siege of Derry
1 July 1690: the Battle of the Boyne
James defeated. Siege of Limerick
James II
The Treaty of Limerick. Lenient to Catholics
13. Penal Laws for Catholics (XVII – XVIII cent.)
Banned from the ParliamentNo right to vote / go to
school / buy land
The 1704 Act: all MPs -> the
Church of Ireland
By 1778: 5% of the land ->
Catholics
Taxes to the Church of
Ireland
The 1719 Act: the Irish
Parliament -> subordinate
14. Ireland in the XVIII-th century
From 1778 -> restrictionsrepealed
Catholics: allowed to lease
and buy land (1782)
1782: Poynings’ Law repealed
1792: allowed to practice as
lawyers and marry Protestants
1793: allowed to vote
National Seminary
St. Patrick’s College Maynooth
1795: seminary founded in
Maynooth (Co. Kildare)
15. St. Patrick’s College Maynooth
16. Ireland in the XVIII-th century
Linen industry1711: Linen Board
Concentrated in the
north
1782: Belfast
The north: industrialization
The south: agricultural
Population: 2 mln in 1700
vs 5 mln in 1800
1783: the Bank of Ireland
17. Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763 –1798)
The Enlightenment1791: the Society of United Irishmen
Independent republic
Religious equality
Fled abroad
1796: the French fleet
May 1798: risings in Wexford, Wicklow, Mayo
No unity -> crushed
Wolfe tone captured and jailed
Died in prison
18. Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen
Theobald Wolfe Tone:his education
Personality
job, personal life
Skills
the United Irishmen (its
status and aim)
the English government
the French and their
advantage
The English and their
advantage
the great gamble of
the French
19. H/W:
The Curse of Cromwell by W.B. Yeats: read the poem andsay what curse the poet is talking about.
Links:
https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-curse-of-cromwell/
https://www.counter-currents.com/2011/06/w-b-yeats/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zttpsbk
Watch the videos and put down the key facts:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDmOEQJrqvw Week 2,
Lecture 8 - Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5n40pXtzKE
Week 2, Lecture 9 - The Bantry Bay Invasion, 1796
20. Extra Resources (video):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1yB4fJp4qU Wolfe Toneand the Protestants of 1798 (Documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZkJc1RdK6Q Wolfe Tone The Protestant Republican (short documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEZ2WgVwrGg - The
Legacy of Wolfe Tone
21. Extra Resources:
http://www.countysongs.ie/song/?songtheme=Flight%20of%20Earls – Flight ofthe Earls
http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/oliver-cromwells-war-crimes-themassacre-of-drogheda-this-day-in-1649 - Cromwell
http://www.historytoday.com/tom-reilly/cromwell-irish-question - Cromwell
http://www.iisresource.org/documents/0a3_trafford_ks3_y8.pdf - Henry VIII and
others
http://www.historyireland.com/early-modern-history-1500-1700/the-battle-ofkinsale-1601/ - Battle of Kinsale
http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/dates/ch5.shtm - The
Battle of the Boyne
http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/E703001-010/text001.html - The Treaty of Limerick
http://www.evangelicaltruth.com/orange-html - the Orange Order
http://www.libraryireland.com/articles/Eighteenth-Century-Ireland/Irish-PenalLaws.php - Penal Laws
22. Extra Resources (audio):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAnh1CohMjM - Flight of the Earls
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
6L7fDkaZlU&list=PL60B4941163F8DA01
(Scottish, Jacobites)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
zwrVhW2nYsI Wolfe Tone (+lyrics!)
The Wolfe Tones