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Buoyage. The Lateral Systems
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The Lateral Systems (IALA-A / IALA-B)
The Cardinal System
Isolated danger marks
Safe water marks
Special marks.
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In the Lateral Buoyage System the fairway has beendivided into a starboard side and port side.
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Cardinal buoys indicate how to passa danger in a certain quadrant.
WK
The four Cardinal buoys are:
North Cardinal buoy;
South Cardinal buoy;
West Cardinale buoy;
East Cardinal buoy.
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Isolated danger buoys are pillar-shaped orspar-shaped with 2 black spherical topmarks.
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Safe water marks, or landfall marks,indicate that one approaches the coast.
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Special buoys indicate the fairway-featuresthat are described in the pilotbook of the area.
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CAN BUOYSCONICAL BUOYS
PILLAR BUOYS
SPAR BUOYS
SPHERICAL BUOYS
SOUND
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The shape of thepillar buoy itself
does not give
any information about
the fairway.
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The shape of thespar buoy itself
does not give
any information
about
the fairway.
Spar buoys are not easily carried away
by ice floes.
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The yellow colouredspherical buoy is used to
indicate important features
in the fairway;
RWVS-sphericals are used
to indicate safe water
or that one approaches
the coast.
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Buoys may be fitted with a light.The type of light that is used
is indicated by an abbreviation.
FIXED LIGHT
FLASHING LIGHT
OCCULTING LIGHT
ISOPHASE LIGHT
S
F
FL
OC
ISO
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A fixed light is a light that shinescontinuously.
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The flashing light is a lightwith a long dark interval and
short light interval.
Rhythm: Quick or Very Quick (Q or VQ)
e.g. Q(9).
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The occulting light is a light witha long light interval and a
short dark interval.
Rhythm: Quick (Q) or Very Quick (VQ).
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sThe isophase light has light and
dark intervals of equal durations.
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The Alternating light is a light thatshows different colours alternately
(e.g. AlWGR).
s
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Group lights are flashing lights orocculting lights in group sthat are repeated
at regular intervals.
Fl(3)
s
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CANCONE
s
2 CONES
SPHERE
CROSS
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SBP
For vessels inward in the IALA-A buoyage system:
Green to green,
Red to red,
Perfect safety,
Go ahead.
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In the IALA-A system the red-coloured canbuoy indicates port side.
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In the IALA-A system the green colouredconical buoy indicates starboard side.
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Even numbers on lateral buoysindicate port side.
12
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Odd numbers on lateral buoysindicate starboard side.
17
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1212
12
CAN
PILLAR
SPAR
Counting from seaward
we find
red coloured
even numbered
can buoys (cans),
pillar buoys or
spar buoys
on port side.
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1717
17
CONE
PILLAR
SPAR
Counting from seaward
we find
green coloured
odd numbered
conical buoys (cones),
pillar buoys or
spar buoys
on starboard side.
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A can on a pillar buoy orspar buoy indicates
port side.
A cone on a pillar buoy
or
spar buoy indicates
starboard side.
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Lights fitted onlateral buoys
may be:
FL. RED OR GREEN
OC. RED OR GREEN
ISO. RED OR GREEN
F.
RED OR GREEN.
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soIn America and Japan the IALA-B system is employed.
This means that red indicates starboard and green indicates
port side.
NO SOUND!
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WKs
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The buoys used in theCardinal System are
the pillar buoy
and
the spar buoy.
Pillar
Spar
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On a Cardinal buoy awhite Flashing Light
is fitted.
Charted abbreviations for a flashing light:
Q or VQ.
s
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Q or VQ (continuously flashing light)35. Dia 35
Q6 + 1LFl or VQ6 + 1Lfl36. Dia 36
Q9 or VQ937. Dia 37
Q3 or VQ338. Dia 38
NS
W
E
The topmarks (or daymarks) on Cardinal
buoys are 2 black cones.
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BLACK OVERYELLOW
YELLOW OVER
BLACK
YELLOW WITH A
BLACK
HORIZONTAL
BAND
BLACK WITH A
YELLOW
HORIZONTAL
BAND
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COLOUR: B/YTOPMARKS: 2 BLACK CONES
POINTS UP
LIGHT: WHITE Q OR VQ
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COLOUR: Y/BTOPMARKS: 2 BLACK CONES
POINTS DOWN
LIGHT: WHITE Q6 + 1LFL OR
VQ6 + 1LFL
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COLOUR: Y/B/YTOPMARK: 2 BLACK CONES
POINT TO POINT.
LIGHT: WHITE Q9 OR VQ9.
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COLOUR: B/Y/BTOPMARK: 2 BLACK CONES
BASE TO BASE.
LIGHT: WHITE Q3 OR VQ3.
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Isolated danger buoys arepillar shaped
or
spar shaped
with 2 black spherical topmarks
(light: white Fl, Oc or Iso).
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Safe water buoys arered-and-white
pillar buoys, spar buoys
or spherical buoys (spheres)
with a single red
spherical topmark
(light: white Fl, Oc or Iso).
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Special buoys are yellowcans, cones, pillars, spars
or spheres;
topmark: yellow cross;
light: yellow Fl, Oc or Iso.
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TheInternational Maritime Language Programme – IMLP
C
The IMLP is an IMO-standard.
P.C. van Kluijven