Active sentences and passive sentences

1.

CONTENTS
10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences
10-2 Form of the passive
10-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs
10-4 Using the by-phrase
10-5 Passive modal auxiliaries
10-6 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive)
10-7 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing
10-8 Get + adjective; get + past participle
10-9 Using be used/accustomed to and get …
10-10 Used to vs. be used to
10-11 Using be supposed to
1

2.

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
The chair is being made
by the carpenter.
2

3.

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.
same
meaning
(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the
carpenter.
3

4.

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
ACTIVE:
S
O
(c) Carol sold the house.
PASSIVE:
by + O
S
(d) The house was sold by Carol.
object of active
subject of active
subject of passive
object of by
4

5.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Cars are driven by people.
5

6.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
BE + PAST
PARTICIPLE
(a) Cars
are
(b) The award was
driven
by people.
given
by the boss.
(c) The book will be published by Pearson.
6

7.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT
People drive cars.
Cars are driven by people.
SIMPLE PAST
The new job thrilled Tim.
Tim was thrilled by the new job.
7

8.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
The boys are eating the cookies.
The cookies are being eaten by the boys.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
Jamal was washing the dishes.
The dishes were being washed by Jamal.
8

9.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT
Al has printed the photo.
The photo has been printed by Al.
FUTURE
Talya will make the announcement.
The announcement will be made by Talya.
9

10.

10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
The squirrel gathered the nuts.
PASSIVE
The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.
10

11.

10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Matthew painted the wall.
PASSIVE
The wall was painted by
Matthew.
11

12.

10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
The voters will determine
the election results.
PASSIVE
The election results will be determined by
the voters.
12

13.

10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Erica sneezed.
13

14.

10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(a -c) TRANSITIVE
S
Janet
They
O
V
earned
saw
the promotion.
the accident.
(d-f) INTRANSITIVE
S
V
A problem occurred.
They
arrived late.
TRANSITIVE
verb + object
INTRANSITIVE
verb + object
14

15.

10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
TRANSITIVE VERBS
(g)
(h)
Janet earned the promotion.
PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
ACTIVE:
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(i)
(j)
Birds fly.
PASSIVE: (Not possible)
ACTIVE:
(k) INCORRECT: Birds are fly.
15

16.

10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive
?
It rained yesterday.
16

17.

10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive
?
Eva won a medal.
A medal was won by Eva.
PASSIVE: _______________________
17

18.

10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive
?
Tim Berners-Lee invented the
World Wide Web.
PASSIVE: _______________________
The World Wide Web was
invented
by Tim Berners-Lee.
_______________________
18

19.

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
This painting
was done by
my mother.
19

20.

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(a) This desk was made by Manuel.
by phrase
important information
20

21.

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(b) This desk was made in Taiwan.
(c) Corn is eaten in many places.
(d) That apartment was built in 2007.
(e) Spanish is spoken in many countries.
usually NO by-phrase
21

22.

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
ACTIVE
(f) My mother is a great artist.
She painted many beautiful portraits.
PASSIVE
(g) This painting was done by my mother.
That one was done by her friend.
focus
by-phrase
my mother
focus on subjects
22

23.

10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
PASSIVE
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
23

24.

10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Many students use computers.
PASSIVE
Computers are used by many students.
24

25.

10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Tina taught me how to knit.
PASSIVE
I was taught to knit by Tina.
25

26.

10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will e-mail you.
26

27.

10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
ACTIVE MODAL
AUXILIARIES
PASSIVE MODAL
AUXILIARIES
Lin will send it.
Lin can send it.
Lin must send it.
Lin may send it.
It will be sent by Lin.
It can be sent by Lin.
It must be sent by Lin.
It may be sent by Lin.
FORM: modal + be + past participle
27

28.

10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
Someone must mow the grass today.
PASSIVE MODALS
must be mowed today
This grass __________________.
28

29.

10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
You should not feed candy to babies.
PASSIVE MODALS
should not be fed candy
Babies _____________________.
29

30.

10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
People cannot control hurricanes.
PASSIVE MODALS
Hurricanes cannot be controlled.
__________________________
30

31.

10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
Lily is pleased with her life.
31

32.

10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
BE + ADJECTIVE
(a) Lily is
(b) Lily is
(c) Lily is
brave.
short.
healthy.
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(d) Lily is
(e) Lily is
(f) Lily is
divorced.
excited.
pleased.
like an adjective
32

33.

10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
(g) Lily is divorced from Jack.
(h) Lily was happy with her career.
(i) Lily will be excited for the trip.
past
particular
participle + prepositions + object
33

34.

10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
married
Jenny is __________
married to Grant.
34

35.

10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
happy
happy with her new laptop.
Alma is __________
35

36.

10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
young
Abe is 17.
young for
He seems ____________
his age.
36

37.

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Emma makes pottery.
I am interested in making pottery.
37

38.

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(a) I am interested in pottery.
INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery.
(b) Pottery is interesting.
INCORRECT: Pottery is interested.
past participle
present participle
feelings
cause of feeling
38

39.

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Ben was thrilled with the promotion.
(c) Ben was thrilled.
(d) The promotion was thrilling.
past participle
present participle
passive meaning
cause of feeling
39

40.

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(e) I heard some disappointing news.
(f) Jill read the shortened version of
the book.
participial
adjectives
nouns
40

41.

10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
surprised
surprising
Gail
Gwen
surprising
Gwen’s news must be __________.
surprised
Gail looks very __________.
41

42.

10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
amazed
amazing
amazing
The Great Wall is ________.
Most people are truly ________
amazed when
they first see it.
42

43.

10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
Some bugs are scary.
terrifying
This spider is ________!
terrified
terrifying
I wonder if it is ________
terrified of anything?
43

44.

10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
People often get thirsty
when they exercise.
44

45.

10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET + ADJECTIVE
(a) I am getting thirsty.
(b) Fahad got angry at him.
GET
ADJECTIVE
change, beginning to be
45

46.

10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
(c) I’m getting worried.
(d) My friend and his wife got divorced.
GET
PAST PARTICIPLE
like an adjective, describes subject
46

47.

10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
get + sleep
got sleepy while he was working.
He ___________
47

48.

10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
get + frustrated
is getting frustrated with his work.
He _________________
48

49.

10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
get + cold
got cold early this year.
It ________
49

50.

10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
We are used to driving in
traffic.
50

51.

10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(a) We are used to this city.
same meaning
(b) We are accustomed to this city.
51

52.

10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND
GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(c) We are used to living in this city.
(d) We are accustomed to living in this city.
to + -ing form
(gerund)
52

53.

10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have
never lived in this city before, but I am
getting used to (accustomed to) it.
beginning to feel normal
53

54.

10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I always go to the beach.
I __________
am used to the sand and sea.
54

55.

10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I’m confused. I _____________
am not used to this new
computer.
55

56.

10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
Maybe I’ll call Eva. She is
_____________
used to
this type of computer.
56

57.

10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
He used to eat meat, but
now he is a vegetarian.
57

58.

10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(a) He used to eat meat, but now he is
a vegetarian.
INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat.
INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat.
habitual past
used to + simple form of verb
58

59.

10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(b) He is used to eating meat.
be used to + -ing form of verb
(gerund)
59

60.

10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be
Ø
When I was young, I often went skiing.
I ____
was used to skiing back then.
60

61.

10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be
Ø
I _____
Ø used to like skiing, but
now I prefer snowboarding.
61

62.

10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be
Ø
am used to snowboarding.
Now, I ____
62

63.

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
You were supposed to
clean out the garage
this morning.
63

64.

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
I expect the
flight to leave
in 10 minutes.
64

65.

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
(b) I am supposed to write to Jim.
an expectation
65

66.

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(c) The flight was supposed to leave
at 4:30.
expected event didn’t occur
66

67.

10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
I expect to get email today .
am supposed to get email today.
I ______________
67

68.

10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
They were expected to arrive on May 4,
but they came on May 6.
They _______________
were supposed to arrive on May 6.
68

69.

10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
I expected you to
call me at noon!
were
You ______
supposed to
___________
call me at
noon!
69

70.

PHOTO CREDITS
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education and
its licensors. All rights reserved.
Images used under license from:
• Shutterstock, Inc.
• Clipart, Inc.
7070