Royal shakespeare theatre

1. Victorian era

VICTORIAN ERA
Выполнила студентка 1 курса
заочного отделения группы 101лн
Гафарова Эльмира Фанисовна
Проверила Наумова Ольга Анатольевна

2. Contents

CONTENTS
The Victorian era
Victorian morality
Technology and engineering

3. THE VICTORIAN ERA

The Victorian era of British history was the period of
Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death,
on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of peace,
prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence
for Britain
Victoria became queen at age 18. Her long reign was
generally characterised mostly by peace and prosperity.
There were no great wars. Britain reached the zenith of its
economic, political. diplomatic and cultural power.

4. Victorian morality

VICTORIAN MORALITY
The Victorian era is famous for the Victorian standards of personal morality.
Historians generally agree that the middle classes held high personal moral standards
(and usually followed them), but have debated whether the working classes followed
suit. Moralists in the late 19th century such as Henry Mayhew decried the slums for
their supposed high levels of cohabitation without marriage and illegitimate births.
However new research using computerized matching of data files shows that the rates
of cohabitation were quote low—under 5%—for the working class and the poor. By
contrast in 21st century Britain, nearly half of all children are born outside marriage,
and nine in ten newlyweds have been cohabitating.

5.

Victorian morality is a distillation of the moral views of people living
at the time of Queen Victoria's reign and of the moral climate of the
United Kingdom of the 19th century in general, which contrasted greatly
with the morality of the previous Georgian period. Many of these values
spread throughout the British Empire. Today, the term "Victorian
morality" can describe any set of values that espouse sexual restraint, low
tolerance of crime and a strict social code of conduct.
Victorian values were developed in all facets of Victorian living. The
morality and values of the period can be classed to Religion, Morality,
Elitism, Industrialism and Improvement. These values take root in
Victorian morality, creating an overall change in the British Empire.

6. Technology and engineering

TECHNOLOGY AND
ENGINEERING
The Victorians were impressed by
science and progress, and felt that they
could improve society in the same way as
they were improving technology. Britain
was the leading world center for advanced
engineering and technology. Its
engineering firms were in worldwide
demand for designing and constructing
railways.

7.

A central development during the Victorian era was the improvement of
communication. The new railways all allowed goods, raw materials and people to be
moved about, rapidly facilitating trade and industry. The financing of railways
became an important specialty of London's financiers. Trains became important
factor ordering society, with "railway time" being the standard by which clocks were
set throughout Britain, and with the complex railway system setting the standard for
technological advances and efficiency. Steam ships such as the SS Great Britain and
SS Great Western made international travel more common but also advanced trade,
so that in Britain it was not just the luxury goods of earlier times that were
imported into the country but essentials and raw materials such as corn and cotton
from the United States and meat and wool from Australia. One more important
innovation in communications was the Penny Black, the first postage stamp, which
standardised postage to a flat price regardless of distance sent.