Canada

1.

Made by Kubayati Kristina
Student of DIE
34-A group

2.

General information
Import (US$ Thousand)
419,151,923.81
408,803,979.10
Export (US$ Thousand)
AHS Weighted Average (%)
1.65
Country Growth (%)
-7.78
GDP (current US$)
1,552,807,652,000
Service exports (BoP, current US$)
80,024,955,937
Service imports (BoP, current US$)
99,302,552,559

3.  Indicators of openness of Canada

Indicators of openness of Canada
●Export quota= 408,803,979.10 / 1,552,807,652 *100=26.3
●Import quota = 419,151,923.81 / 1,552,807,652*100=27.9
●Immigration quota= (271 845/36.29 mil)*100=0.75
●Emigration quota= (237 418/36.29 mil)*100=0.65

4. Percentage share each export category represents in terms of overall exports from Canada.

1. Vehicles : US$64.3 billion (16.5% of total
exports)
2. Mineral fuels including oil: $62.3 billion (16%)
3. Machinery including computers: $30 billion
(7.7%)
4. Gems, precious metals: $18.7 billion (4.8%)
5. Wood: $13.2 billion (3.4%)
6. Electrical machinery, equipment: $12.6 billion
(3.2%)
7. Plastics, plastic articles: $12.1 billion (3.1%)
8. Aircraft, spacecraft: $10.3 billion (2.6%)
9. Pharmaceuticals: $8.4 billion (2.2%)
10. Aluminum: $8.1 billion (2.1%)

5. The following product groups represent the highest dollar value in Canada’s import purchases during 2016. Also shown is the

percentage share each
product category represents in terms of overall imports into Canada.
● Vehicles: US$67.6 billion (16.8% of total imports)
● Pharmaceuticals: $11.4 billion (2.8%)
● Machinery including computers: $61.8 billion (15.3%)
● Gems, precious metals: $10.5 billion (2.6%)
● Electrical machinery, equipment: $39.6 billion (9.8%)
● Furniture, bedding, lighting, signs, prefab buildings: $8.8
billion (2.2%)
● Mineral fuels including oil: $25.3 billion (6.3%)
● Articles of iron or steel: $8.4 billion (2.1%)
● Plastics, plastic articles: $14.7 billion (3.7%)
● Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $11.9 billion (3%)

6. 7 of Canada’s top trading partners, countries that imported the most Canadian shipments by dollar value during 2016.

India: $3.0 billion
(0.8%)
United States:
US$296.5 billion
(76.2% of total
Canadian exports)
South Korea: $3.3
billion (0.8%)
China: $15.8 billion
(4.1%)
United Kingdom:
$12.9 billion (3.3%)
Mexico: $5.8 billion
(1.5%)
Japan: $8.1
billion (2.1%)

7.

●Over nine-tenths (93.1%) of Canadian exports in 2016 were delivered to the
above 15 trade partners.
●Four trade partners increased their purchases from Canada from 2012 to 2016:
India (up 27.3%), Mexico (up 6.9%), Belgium (up 4.9%) and Italy (up 3.3%).
●Leading the remaining 11 top importers that cut back their Canadian product
purchases were Netherlands (down -53.3%), Brazil (down -40.8%), United
Kingdom (down -31.3%) and Hong Kong (down -28.8%).

8. EU-Canada relationship; Trade picture

The value of trade
in goods between
the EU and
Canada was €64.3
billion in 2016.
The EU is
Canada's secondbiggest trading
partner after the
United States,
accounting for 9.6
% of its trade in
goods with the
world in 2016.
Canada accounted
for almost 2 % of
the EU's total
external trade in
goods in 2016.

9. Trade picture

Top three export
categories
• Machinery (23.6 % of EU exports to Canada and 13.7 % of its imports)
• transport equipment (18.7 % of EU exports and 11.4 % of its imports)
• chemical and pharmaceutical products (16.7 % of EU exports and 7.5 % of its imports)
• Trade in services between the two amounted to €30.1 billion in 2015.
Trade in services
• The EU exported €5.1 billion more to Canada than it imported
Datas

10. EU-Canada trade agreement CETA

New opportunities for EU
businesses of all sizes to export
to Canada
Benefit smaller companies who
can least afford the cost of the
red tape involved in exporting to
Canada.
New opportunities for European
farmers and food producers

11. EU-Canada trade agreement CETA

The EU and Canada launched CETA negotiations in May 2009 and agreed on the content and its
general strategy in June 2009.
The new trade and investment partnership created by CETA is expected to increase two-way trade
in goods and services, helping to create jobs and expand the economy on both sides of the
Atlantic.
The EU's analysis of the economic impact of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade
Agreement shows that it has the potential to create new business opportunities in Canada for
companies across the EU.

12. Report WTO

Canada has recovered well from
the financial crisis and GDP growth
has averaged 2.4% annually during
the review period, 2014-2016.
During the review period, Canada's
trade performance was marked by
steady increases in imports and
exports, both goods and services,
with a significant increase in
merchandise exports
in 2016.
Growth in employment has lagged
GDP growth, and the
unemployment rate remains higher
than pre-crisis levels, at
approximately 6.9%.
This also reflects an improvement
in labour productivity
Canada's economy relies on its
natural resource and mineral
wealth. The mining and energy
sectors are important to the
Canadian economy in terms of
GDP and employment
Canada has been implementing
Economic Action Plans (EAP) since
2009.
In the trade area, Canada has
focused its policies on expanding
markets for its businesses
mainly through the negotiation of
reciprocal free trade agreements

13. Report WTO

Canada has a well-developed
intellectual property protection
(IP) regime.
Canada maintains an overall
open economy but does
provide support in the form of
subsides
and incentives at the federal,
provincial and local levels.
Canada's agriculture and
agri-food sector remains a
key sector of the economy,
and
accounted for 6.2% of GDP in
2016
Services in general remain
the backbone of the Canadian
economy accounting for 70%
of
GDP during the period 20142016
Canada maintains export
duties on softwood lumber
and unstamped
domestically-manufactured
tobacco products

14. Canada and IMF

Canada, mainly through Global Affairs Canada, has been a strong partner of IMF
capacity development.
Canada has contributed approximately US$118 million since 2002, making it the
third largest donor.
Canada’s support has enabled low-income and lower-middle-income countries to
build their capacity in the area of public financial management, financial
development, banking supervision, tax policy and administration.
It has also helped to improve the capacity of member countries to promote
sustainable economic growth through stronger institutions needed to achieve
macroeconomic stability and boost resilience to shocks
Canada Government External Debt was last reported at 615.99 CAD Billion. It ranks
as the world's 5th lowest recorded external debt.
Forecast: 616.161 CAD Billion.

15. International portfolio investments in Canada

Largest holdings of Canadian portfolio investment assets
were the United States ($731 bil), the United Kingdom ($90
bil), and Japan ($58 bil) at June 2015.
Similarly, as a destination for portfolio investments, Canada
holds $1.3 trillion of investment assets. The top three
holders at June 2015 were the United States ($850 bil),
Luxembourg ($62 bil), and Japan ($58 bil).

16. Table: Sources of Portfolio Investment

17. Table: Sources and Destination of FDI

18. Table: Types of portfolio investments in Canada

19. Table: Canadian direct investment abroad

20.

The stock of Canadian direct investment
abroad rose 21.8% to $1,005.2 billion in
2015, the largest increase since 2008.

21. Сanada and World Bank group (IFC)

Canada is a founding member of IFC.
Through the Canadian International Development
Agency, Canada partners with IFC in the delivery of
technical and advisory assistance to companies and
governments in the developing world with the aim of
reducing poverty through private sector growth.

22. Canada and IFC partner in Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, Europe and Central Asia, and the Middle

East and North Africa
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the partnership focuses on improving the investment
climate; mobilizing private sector investment; and building up the capacity of
small and medium-sized enterprises.
Canada also supports IFC’s efforts to enhance the capacity of the private sector
and, in particular, small and medium enterprises, in the Mekong region, the
Pacific, and Eastern Indonesia
Canada has been an important contributor to IFC’s Technical Assistance
Trust Fund. The program provides funding for short-term, targeted
interventions aimed at private sector development.

23. Managing Labour Migration to Canada

Supporting Canada’s
interests through a
system of managed
migration
Canada has a managed migration system focused on:
– Two main streams of business:
• Permanent: individuals settle permanently, building our
communities and labour force of the future
• Temporary: complimentary program, workers to meet acute,
short-term labour market needs

24.

Economic
growth
Key objectives
identified in the
Immigration and
Refugee
Protection Act
(IRPA)
Family
reunification
Humanitarian
protection

25. Labour migration to Canada is a mix of planned and unplanned flows processed under the same system

Tools to manage the entry of individuals into Canada:
– Permanent stream:
● Yearly levels plan – projection of number expected to become Permanent Residents in following year
● Selection grid – only tool to control intake of applications, affects quality of skilled worker applicants
– Temporary stream:
● No numerical limits/quotas in place – admissions are labour market sensitive
● International students allowed to work during and after studies

26. Temporary worker programs: opportunity for all

Programs offer the same, non-discriminatory opportunity to all temporary migrants
●– Foreign Worker Program
●– Live-in Caregiver Program
●– Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program
●– International Youth Exchange Programs
● – International Student Program

27. List of used literature

1. LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS OF CANADA
2. Department of Finance Canada
3. TRADE POLICY REVIEW;REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT OF CANADA
4. http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2017/september/tradoc_156043.pdf
5. Worlds top exports http://www.worldstopexports.com/canadas-top-10-imports/
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada