Articulatory aspects of speech sounds

1. Kazakh Ablai khan University of International Relations and World Languages

Articulatory aspects of
speech sounds
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2. Phonology

The study of the sound systems of
languages, and of the general properties
displayed by these systems
(the contrast in sound [phoneme] ) which
make the difference within the
language.

3. Phonology vs Phonetics

Phonology is concerned with the
functional properties of speech sounds
Phonetics is concerned with the physical
aspects of speech sounds

4. SPEECH ORGANS AND ARTICULATION

There are seven main articulators;
1. Pharynx
2. Velum/Soft Palate
3. Hard Palate
4. Alveolar Ridge
5. Upper Teeth
6. Lower Teeth
7. Lips

5. Manners of Articulation

• Plosive / stop
air flow momentarily halted, then
released forcefully
• Fricative
friction is caused by a slight
obstruction in the air stream
• Affricate
a mixture between plosive and
fricative; the air flow is first
halted, then released with friction
/p/ /b/ /g/
/f/ /z/
/t /
/d3/

6. Manners of Articulation

• Lateral
formed by the sides of the tongue
making contact with the upper teeth
• Post-alveolar or retroflex
tongue bent upwards and backwards
• Nasal
air release through the nasal
passage
• Glides/Frictionless continuant
no friction, but lasting sound
/l/
/r/
/m/ /n/ /y/
/w/ /r/ /j/

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8.

9. Voice production..

•organs of speech - in the mouth and throat.
•air pushed out from the lungs through the
larynx and epiglottis vibrates the vocal cords•producing a continuous tone whose pitch can
be changed by varying the shape of the larynx.
•Consonants - modified by the tongue and lips,
are formed when air is emitted suddenly or when
it is cut off firmly.
•Voice production occurs in the larynx.

10.

During breathing the vocal cords are held
apart, but as speech commences, the cartilages
of the larynx are drawn together by the action
of muscles and a "chink" is created.
• The tension of the vibrating cords, changed by
the tilting of the cartilages, alters the pitch of
the spoken sound. High notes are produced by
the vibration of tight vocal cords and low notes
are produced by vibrating loose cords.

11. Pharynx

• Pharyngeal sound
• A tube above the larynx.
• Divided into two at the top;
– the back of the mouth
– the beginning of the way through the nasal cavity
(above the mouth, behind the nose)
• the symbol in IPA (International Phonetic
Alphabet) is ʕ

12. Velum/Soft Palate

• Velar consonant.
• Often in speech, the velum is raised so that air
cannot escape through the nose.
• When the /k/ and the /g/ (velar consonants)
sound is produced, the tongue is in contact
with the lower side of the velum.

13. Hard Palate

Roof of the mouth.
The interaction between the tongue and the
hard palate is essential in the formation of
/t/, /d/ and /j/ sound.

14. Alveolar Ridge

• Alveolar sound.
• Between the top front teeth and the hard
palate.
• It’s surface is covered with little ridge.
• The sound produced is called alveolar
– /t/ and /d/

15. Teeth (Upper and Lower)

• Most speakers have teeth to the sides of their
mouth.
• The back is almost to the soft palate.
• The tongue is in contact for many speech
sounds.
• Dental sound;
/t/, /d/, /n/, and /l/

16. Lips

• Pressed together (bilabial)
/p/
• Brought into contact with teeth (labiodentals)
/f/, /v/
• Rounded
/u/

17. Larynx (Adam’s apple)

• A very complex and dependent articulators
• The vibration of larynx can be detected while
producing the sound /z/

18. Nose and Nasal Cavity

• Nasal consonant
/m/ and /n/

19. Jaws

• Being called as articulators because of the
movement of the jaws
• Jaws not like other articulators – don’t make
contact with other articulators.

20. References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulation_(p
honetics)
http://youreng.narod.ru/teorph.html
https://studopedia.su/2_24428_Aspects-ofspeech-sounds.html
https://allbest.ru/o2c0a65625b2bd78b4d43a89521316d37.htm
l
http://studall.org/all3-24241.html
https://www.slideshare.net/masitahzulkifly/p
honologyspeech-organs-and-articulation