MinorLecture2

1.

Майнор по биоинформатике
Лекция 2
Мария Попцова

2. Transcription factors

• The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1965
• François Jacob, André Lwoff and Jacques
Monod “for their discoveries concerning
genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis”

3. Transcription factors

4. Membrane

5. Mitochondria –Монетный двор

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997
Paul D. Boyer and John E.
Walker "for their elucidation of
the enzymatic mechanism
underlying the synthesis of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"
and the other half to Jens C.
Skou "for the first discovery of
an ion-transporting enzyme,
Na+, K+ -ATPase."

6. Cell Transport

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999
Günter Blobel “for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern
their transport and localization in the cell”
Nobel Prize in Medicine Awarded for Cell Transport Discoveries 2013
James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof “for their discoveries of
machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”

7. Уборка мусора

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016
Yoshinori Ohsumi “for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy”

8.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpHaxzroYxg

9. Организация геномов прокариот и эукариот Гены и регуляторные элементы

10. Термины

• Геном – совокупность всех хромосом и
плазмид в клетке (ДНК)
• Гены – участки ДНК, которые
– кодируют белки (CDS – coding sequences)
– кодируют функциональную РНК (рРНК, тРНК)
Экзон – кодирующая часть гена; экзоны
cклеиваются в кодирующий ген.
Интрон – некодирующая часть гена; вырезается и
выбрасывается.

11. Prokaryotes

• Bacteria and Archaea
Karyo - ядро

12. Microscopic images

13. Distribution of genome sizes among bacteria and archaea.

14. Eukaryotes

Yest
Human
Drosophila
Caenorhabditis elegans
worm
social amoeba
Dictyostelium
discoideum

15. Distribution of genome sizes among eukaryotes

16. Prokaryotic Gene

17. Bacterial gene organization - operons

18. Eukaryotic Gene Structure

19.

Applied Bioinformatics, Selzer et al. 2018

20. Splicing

Сложно!
Знать не надо!

21. Alternative Splicing

22. Regulatory elements – promoters, enhancers, insulators