Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

1. Introduction to Enterprise Analytics

Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
Lecturer: Bahromjon Urmanov
Date: 01.04.2026

2. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

Learning Objectives
• Understand what Information Architecture is
• Identify types of Information Systems
• Distinguish Database vs Data Warehouse
• Understand Operational vs Strategic Data
• Learn Enterprise Analytics Architecture

3. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

4. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

What is Information Architecture?
Information Architecture, sometimes it is referred as Enterprise Information Architecture
(EIA) is simply how a company organizes its data so it can be used properly
• Information Architecture (IA) is the practice of structuring, organizing, and presenting
information in a way that makes it easy for users to find and navigate.
• Shortly, it is about how data flows or moves inside a company from customer to decisions

5. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

What is Information Architecture?

6. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

What is Information Architecture?

7. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

What is Information Architecture?
Let’s think of it like this:
A library system for all company data
• Books = data
• Shelves = databases
• Librarian = systems
• Readers = employees/managers
• You can’t find the right book → if the library is messy
• You can make good decisions → if it’s well organized

8. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

What is Information Architecture?
Imagine a supermarket
Every day:
• Customers buy products
• Cashiers record sales
• Managers check reports

9. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

What is Information Architecture?
Now let’s map it:

10. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

Importance of IA
• Easier navigation. Well-structured information architecture makes it
easier for users to explore content.
• Improved findability. Organized information architecture helps users
locate information or resources, which is critical for websites with
substantial content.
• Better content management. Information architecture makes it easier
to maintain and update content.
• Supports business goals. Information architecture can help a business
achieve its objectives, like increasing sales and engaging customers.

11. Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations

Importance of IA
• Helps organizations make better decisions
• Keeps data organized
• Saves time and reduces errors
• Supports daily operations and long-term strategy

12.

Process of IA
Step 1.
Data is CREATED
From:
• Sales
• Customers
• Employees
Example - Online Store
1. Customer Action
You buy a laptop
This creates data:
Product
Price
Time
Customer

13.

Process of IA
Step 2.
Data is STORED
In a database (like MySQL)
This is for daily operations:
• Orders
• Payments
• Users
Example - Online Store
Information System records it
Systems like:
• SAP ERP (operations)
• MySQL
• Salesforce (customer data)
These systems manage business
activities

14.

Process of IA
Step 3.
Data is ORGANIZED for
analysis
Moved into a data warehouse
(like Amazon Redshift)
This is for:
Reports
Trends
Analysis
Example - Online Store
a) Information System
records it
Systems like:
b) Sent to Data Warehouse
Example: Amazon Redshift
SAP ERP (operations)
Salesforce (customer data)
Stores:
• All past sales
• Trends over months/years
These systems manage
business activities
This is strategic (historical)
data

15.

Process of IA
Step 4.
Data is ANALYZED
Using tools like:
• Microsoft Power BI
• Tableau
Managers see:
• Charts
• Dashboards
• Insights
Example - Online Store
Data is analyzed with Tools
Using:
• Microsoft Power BI
• Tableau
Managers see:
• Charts
• Reports
• Patterns

16.

Process of IA
Step 5.
Decisions are MADE
Example - Online Store
Decision Time
Examples:
Managers decide:
“Sales are dropping → we need
a discount”
“Product A is popular →
increase stock”
• “Laptops are selling fast → increase stock”
• “Sales are low → give discounts”

17.

Process of IA
Simple Summary
• A customer buys something
• system records it
• database stores it
• warehouse organizes it
• tools analyze it
• managers decide
Data flows as:
• Source → Storage → Analysis → Decision

18.

Customers / Activities
Information Systems
(ERP, CRM, Apps)
Database
(daily data)
Data Warehouse
(organized history)
Analytics Tools
(dashboards)
Decisions

19.

Process of IA

20.

Process of IA

21.

Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
In-Class Task
Talk about your company and discuss followings:
•What data does it collect?
•What systems does it use?
•How does it make decisions?
•Describe detailed 5 steps of information flow of your company

22.

Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
Information Systems in Organizations
Definition: Systems that collect and process data
Types:
•TPS (Transaction Processing Systems)
•MIS (Management Information Systems)
•DSS (Decision Support Systems)
•ERP & CRM systems

23.

Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
Examples of Information Systems
•ERP → manages internal operations (finance, HR)
•CRM → manages customer relationships
Examples of use:
•Recording sales
•Managing customers
•Tracking inventory

24.

Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
What is a Database?
•Stores current (live) data
•Used for daily operations
•Frequently updated
Examples:
•Orders
•Payments
•Customer records

25.

Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
What is a Data Warehouse?
•Stores historical data
•Used for analysis and reporting
•Supports strategic decisions
Examples:
•Sales trends
•Annual reports

26.

Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
Database vs Data Warehouse
Database:
•Current data
•Operational use
Data Warehouse:
•Historical data
•Analytical use

27.

Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
Operational vs Strategic Data
Operational Data:
•Day-to-day activities
•Example: Today’s sales
Strategic Data:
•Long-term insights
•Example: Yearly trends

28.

Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
Enterprise Analytics Architecture
Main Components:
1.Data Sources (ERP, CRM)
2.Database (Operational Data)
3.Data Warehouse (Historical Data)
4.Analytics Tools (BI tools)
5.Decision Making

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Chapter 2. Information Architecture of Organizations
Analytics Tools
Used for:
•Data visualization
•Reporting
•Dashboard creation
Outputs:
•Charts
•Graphs
•Insights

30. Introduction to Enterprise Analytics

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