W10 Lesson 3 Reading

1. Week 10 lesson 3 reading

WEEK 10
LESSON 3
READING
“WANT TO TRAVEL TO MARS?”

2. Study the vocabulary

STUDY THE VOCABULARY
Word
Example
Reassure
Same rooted Synonym
word
assure
comfort, encourage, soothe
Livestock
live + stock
farm animals, cattle, herd
The farmer sold his livestock at the market.
Intend
intention
plan, aim, mean, propose
I intend to study abroad next year.
Affectionately affection
lovingly, fondly, warmly
She spoke affectionately about her childhood pet.
Slope
incline, hill, gradient
The road slopes down to the river.
vapor, mist
Steam rose from the hot cup of tea.
sloping
Steam
The teacher reassured the students before the exam.
Expansion
expand
growth, increase, enlargement The company plans an expansion into Asia.
Convert
conversion
change, transform, adapt
They converted the old school into a library.
Vividly
vivid
clearly, brightly, intensely
She vividly remembers her first day at university.
Unveil
veil
reveal, present, introduce
The company unveiled its latest smartphone model.

3. Match the words with the definitions:

MATCH THE WORDS WITH THE DEFINITIONS:
Word
Definition
Vividly
farm animals raised for food or work
Unveil
in a way that shows love or warm feelings
Convert
to comfort someone and remove their doubts or fears
Expansion
the hot gas that water produces when it boils; (v.) to give off steam
Affectionately
the act of becoming larger or increasing
Intend
a surface that goes up or down at an angle; (v.) to slant
Livestock
to show or announce something for the first time
Reassure
in a way that is clear, bright, and full of detail
Slope
to change something into a different form or use
Steam
to have a plan or purpose in mind

4. Put the subways into the order starting from the oldest. Match the subways with the years of launching.

PUT THE SUBWAYS INTO THE ORDER STARTING FROM THE
OLDEST. MATCH THE SUBWAYS WITH THE YEARS OF
LAUNCHING.
No
Metro
Year
1
Paris, France
1863
2
Boston, Massachusets
1875
3
Glasgow Circular Uniderground
1892
4
Budapest, Hungary
1896
5
The Istanbul Tunnel
1896
6
London Underground
1897
7
Chicago, Illinois
1900

5.

LONDON UNDERGROUND - 1863 – THE OLDEST TUBE LINE
TODAY, UP TO 5 MILLION PASSENGERS USE THE LONDON UNDERGROUND (AFFECTIONATELY KNOWN AS “THE TUBE”)
EACH DAY, BUT THE SYSTEM WAS ORIGINALLY INTENDED AS A WAY TO MOVE GOODS AND LIVESTOCK AS MUCH AS TO
TRANSPORT HUMANS. JANUARY 1863 MARKED THE OPENING OF THE SIX ORIGINAL STATIONS THAT MAKE UP THE
STRETCH OF THE METROPOLITAN LINE, FROM PADDINGTON TO FARRINGDON STREET. ADDITIONAL LINES, DUG DEEPER
BELOW THE SURFACE, DIDN’T OPEN UNTIL AFTER THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY, WHEN THE RELIABILITY OF ELECTRIC
TRAINS AND ELEVATORS ADEQUATELY REASSURED INVESTORS TO FUND THE PROJECT. THE ORIGINAL 1863 STATIONS
AND TUNNELS ARE STILL IN USE TODAY, A SMALL BUT BUSY PART OF THE 250-MILE, 272-STATION SYSTEM.
THE ISTANBUL TUNNEL -1875
THE WORLD’S SECOND-OLDEST METRO WAS BUILT AS PART OF ISTANBUL’S WIDE-REACHING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
NETWORK — WHICH ALSO INCLUDED FERRIES AND ABOVE-GROUND TRAMS. THE FIRST SECTION OF THE SUBWAY,
KNOWN AS THE TÜNEL, WAS PROPOSED TO THE OTTOMAN GOVERNMENT BY A VISITING FRENCH ENGINEER NAMED
EUGÈNE-HENRI GAVAND. HE SUGGESTED THAT A TUNNEL BE CUT BENEATH THE STEEP SLOPE BETWEEN GALATA, AT THE
BOSPHORUS RIVER, AND THE BEYOĞLU DISTRICT.
THAT TUNNEL IS A NARROW, 1,820-FOOT LONG TUBE CONTAINING TWO SETS OF TRACKS. ORIGINALLY, TWO
WOODEN TWO-CAR TRAINS OPERATED IN OPPOSITION IN THE TUNNEL, ONE COMING AND THE OTHER GOING AT THE
SAME TIME. THE TRAINS WERE POWERED BY A STATIONARY STEAM ENGINE THAT MOVED THEM VIA A SINGLE
CONTINUOUS BELT, SO THAT THE ACCELERATION OF THE DOWNHILL TRAIN COUNTERBALANCED THE EFFORT OF THE
TRAIN CLIMBING THE HILL. THE ENGINE WAS CHANGED OVER TO ELECTRICITY IN 1971, AND THE TÜNEL IS STILL IN USE
TODAY.

6.

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS – 1892
UNLIKE THE MOSTLY UNDERGROUND TRAINS ON THIS LIST, THE MODERN PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM ADOPTED IN
CHICAGO WAS ORIGINALLY A TRAIN LINE RUNNING ALONG ELEVATED TRACKS, WHICH WERE CHEAPER AND EASIER TO
BUILD WITHOUT DISRUPTION. THOUGH IT NOW INCLUDES UNDERGROUND PORTIONS, THE “L” (SHORT FOR
“ELEVATED”) TOOK ITS FIRST RUN IN JUNE 1892: A STEAM-POWERED, 3.6-MILE TRIP ALONG TODAY’S GREEN LINE
BETWEEN 39TH STREET AND CONGRESS STREET STATIONS.
RAPID MODERNIZATION OF THE CITY — THANKS IN PART TO THE SUCCESSFUL 1893 COLUMBIAN WORLD’S EXPOSITION
— LED TO EXPANSION OF THE ELEVATED TRACKS AND A PROJECT TO CONVERT THE ENTIRE SYSTEM FROM STEAM TO
ELECTRIC THIRD-RAIL POWER (AN INVENTION INTRODUCED AT THE FAIR). THE CURRENT “L” SYSTEM, WHICH STILL RUNS
ON THIRD-RAIL TECHNOLOGY BOTH ON ELEVATED TRACKS AND UNDERGROUND, IS 224 MILES LONG AND CARRIES AN
AVERAGE OF MORE THAN 620,000 PASSENGERS PER DAY.
BUDAPEST, HUNGARY – 1896
THE BUDAPEST METRO SYSTEM, WHICH OPENED IN 1896, IS MOST NOTABLE FOR BEING ONLY 8.8 FEET BENEATH THE
SURFACE. THE SUBWAY, THE OLDEST ELECTRIFIED SYSTEM IN EUROPE, WAS FIRST CONSTRUCTED AS PART OF THE CITY’S
MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION. THAT ORIGINAL 2.3-MILE SECTION, LINE 1, IS STILL IN USE TODAY. BUILDING THE SHALLOW
TUNNEL WAS DONE RELATIVELY QUICKLY OVER 21 MONTHS BY DIGGING A TRENCH DOWN THE STREET, THEN
BRICKING UP THE OPEN CHANNEL AND PAVING BACK OVER THE TOP. THE BUDAPEST METRO HAS EXPANDED SEVERAL
TIMES OVER ITS HISTORY, INCLUDING A PROJECT UNDERTAKEN ON LINE 2 DURING THE 1950S, WHICH INCLUDES A
COLD WAR-ERA SECRET BUNKER WITH A TUNNEL LEADING TO THE HUNGARIAN PARLIAMENT BUILDING.

7.

GLASGOW CIRCULAR UNDERGROUND - 1896
THE GLASGOW SUBWAY SYSTEM IS NICKNAMED THE “CLOCKWORK ORANGE” (AFTER ANTHONY BURGESS’
1962 NOVEL) FOR ITS VIVIDLY PAINTED RAILSTOCK AND SINGLE, CIRCULAR LOOP UNDER THE CITY. THE
SYSTEM’S SOLE LINE STRETCHES JUST 6.5 MILES LONG, BUT IT IS INTERSECTED BY SEVERAL ABOVE-GROUND
COMMUTER RAIL LINES. THE 11-STATION SUBWAY OPENED IN 1896, INITIALLY AS A STEAM-POWERED,
CABLE-HAULED SYSTEM, BEFORE ELECTRIFICATION IN THE 1930S. THE SYSTEM, WHICH SERVES A RELATIVELY
SMALL AREA OF GLASGOW, IS CURRENTLY THE SUBJECT OF DEBATE IN THE CITY OF 2 MILLION PEOPLE. AS
OF 2023, AN AMBITIOUS EXPANSION — WHICH WOULD INCLUDE CITYWIDE HIGH-CAPACITY RAPID
TRANSIT SERVICE AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE CITY AND THE AIRPORT — IS BEING DISCUSSED.
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS – 1897
IN 1897, NORTH AMERICA FINALLY GOT ITS FIRST SUBWAY. SURE, CHICAGOANS HAD BEEN RIDING THE “L”
FOR A FEW YEARS PRIOR, BUT THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DECIDED TO EXCAVATE A
TUNNEL TO DIVERT ELECTRIC STREETCARS UNDERGROUND, ALLOWING THEM TO PASS UNDER A CONGESTED
STRETCH OF TREMONT STREET. WHILE THE TUNNEL WAS BEING DUG, WORKERS UNCOVERED THE GRAVES
OF 90 PEOPLE, WHO HAD BEEN BURIED IN A SECTION OF THE CENTRAL BURYING GROUND THAT HAD BEEN
BLITHELY PAVED OVER BY A ROAD PROJECT IN 1836. THE BODIES WERE REINTERRED IN THE CEMETERY, AND
DIGGING CONTINUED. THE ORIGINAL FOUR-TRACK TUNNEL SEGMENT ON TREMONT STREET, NOW
REGISTERED AS A NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK, IS STILL ONE OF THE BUSIEST SECTIONS OF THE SYSTEM,
WHICH IS CALLED THE “T.”

8.

PARIS, FRANCE – 1900
THE DAWN OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN PARIS BROUGHT A CHAIN OF EXCITING EVENTS:
THE SUMMER OLYMPICS (THE FIRST IN WHICH WOMEN COMPETED AND THE FIRST HELD
OUTSIDE OF GREECE); A WORLD’S FAIR CALLED THE EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE, WHERE
INVENTIONS LIKE THE X-RAY AND THE DIESEL ENGINE WERE UNVEILED; AND AN
UPGRADE TO THE EIFFEL TOWER WITH ELECTRIC LIGHTS. ANOTHER FAVORABLE EVENT
WAS THE 1900 OPENING OF THE FIRST PORTION OF THE CITY’S METRO, BETWEEN
PORTE MAILLOT AND PORTE DE VINCENNES. THE EXTENSIVE AND RELIABLE SUBWAY
SYSTEM NOW STRETCHES 140 MILES, WITH UPWARDS OF 1.5 BILLION
PASSENGERS EACH YEAR. EIGHTY-SIX OF THE STATION ENTRANCES ARE STILL ADORNED
BY THE CURVY ART NOUVEAU-STYLE CUPOLAS INTRODUCED IN 1900 AND DECORATED
WITH THE WORD “MÉTROPOLITAIN.”

9. While-reading activities Rephrase each sentence using one of the phrases on the list. The words are underlined in the text. 8

WHILE-READING ACTIVITIES
REPHRASE EACH SENTENCE USING ONE OF THE
PHRASES ON THE LIST. THE WORDS ARE
UNDERLINED IN THE TEXT. 8 MIN
manned mission, reusable, liquid, expect,
challenging, costly, affordable, accessible,
long-term, exploration

10. 1. The mission to Mars will be operated by humans. 2. The rocket can be used more than once. 3. The substance is in a fluid

1. THE MISSION TO MARS WILL BE OPERATED BY HUMANS.
2. THE ROCKET CAN BE USED MORE THAN ONCE.
3. THE SUBSTANCE IS IN A FLUID STATE.
4. THEY ANTICIPATE A SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH.
5. THE PROJECT IS VERY DIFFICULT AND REQUIRES A LOT OF EFFORT.
6. THE NEW SPACECRAFT IS VERY EXPENSIVE.
7. THE NEW TECHNOLOGY IS WITHIN FINANCIAL REACH FOR MOST
PEOPLE.
8. THE INFORMATION IS EASY TO OBTAIN.
9. THEY ARE PLANNING FOR A PROJECT THAT WILL LAST MANY
YEARS.
10. THEY ARE STUDYING THE UNKNOWN REGIONS OF SPACE.

11. Choose the correct answer for the following questions about the text:

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ABOUT
THE TEXT:
1. WHAT DOES ELON MUSK WANT TO DO WITH SPACEX?
A. SEND PEOPLE TO LIVE ON THE MOON
B. BUILD A CITY ON MARS
C. EXPLORE JUPITER AND ITS MOONS
D. SEND PEOPLE TO MARS
2. WHAT TYPE OF ROCKET IS SPACEX WORKING ON TO GO TO MARS?
A. A ONE-TIME USE ROCKET
B. A ROCKET THAT CAN BE USED MANY TIMES
C. A ROCKET THAT USES SOLAR POWER
D. A ROCKET THAT USES NUCLEAR FUEL

12.

3. HOW LONG WILL THE TRIP TO MARS TAKE?
A. 1 WEEK
B. 6 TO 9 MONTHS
C. 2 YEARS
D. 5 YEARS
4. WHAT DOES ELON MUSK THINK COULD HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE?
A. 1 MILLION PEOPLE WILL LIVE ON MARS
B. MARS WILL HAVE A PERMANENT MILITARY BASE
C. MARS WILL BE USED ONLY FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
D. MARS WILL HAVE A SMALL CITY OF 10,000 PEOPLE

13.

5. WHAT IS THE MAIN CHALLENGE FOR SPACEX'S PLANS TO GO TO
MARS?
A. FINDING ENOUGH ASTRONAUTS
B. DEVELOPING THE TECHNOLOGY
C. THE HIGH COST OF EACH MISSION
D. LACK OF PUBLIC INTEREST

14. Find true or false sentences. Correct the false statements.

FIND TRUE OR FALSE SENTENCES. CORRECT THE FALSE
STATEMENTS.
1. ELON MUSK WANTS TO SEND PEOPLE TO MARS SOON.
2. STARSHIP CAN ONLY BE USED ONCE FOR A TRIP TO MARS.
3. THE JOURNEY TO MARS WILL TAKE ABOUT ONE YEAR.
4. SPACEX PLANS TO SEND SUPPLIES TO MARS BEFORE
SENDING PEOPLE.
5. ELON MUSK THINKS LIVING ON MARS WILL BE CHEAP AND
EASY.

15. Answer the following questions about the text

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE
TEXT
1. WHAT IS ELON MUSK'S GOAL REGARDING MARS?
2. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE SPACECRAFT THAT SPACEX IS WORKING ON
FOR TRAVELING TO MARS?
3. HOW MANY PEOPLE CAN STARSHIP CARRY?
4. WHAT TYPE OF FUEL WILL THE SPACECRAFT USE FOR THE TRIP TO MARS?
5. HOW LONG IS THE EXPECTED DURATION OF THE TRIP TO MARS?
6. WHAT DOES ELON MUSK ENVISION BUILDING ON MARS?
7. WHY DOES SPACEX PLAN TO SEND CARGO MISSIONS TO MARS BEFORE
CREWED MISSIONS?

16. Read these opinions. Which one do you agree with the most and why?

READ THESE OPINIONS. WHICH ONE DO YOU AGREE WITH THE
MOST AND WHY?
JAKE: "I THINK GOING TO MARS IS REALLY EXCITING! I WANT TO EXPLORE NEW PLACES. JUST LIKE
WHEN I WENT HIKING IN THE MOUNTAINS, IT FELT GREAT TO SEE NEW VIEWS. I CAN'T WAIT TO SEE
WHAT MARS LOOKS LIKE!"
SARA: "I DON’T LIKE THE IDEA OF GOING TO MARS. IT SEEMS TOO RISKY TO ME. I SAW A MOVIE
ABOUT SPACE TRAVEL AND IT MADE ME SCARED. I THINK WE SHOULD TAKE CARE OF EARTH FIRST
BEFORE WE GO SOMEWHERE ELSE."
TOM: "I’M NOT SURE ABOUT MARS TRAVEL. IT SOUNDS COOL BUT ALSO REALLY HARD. MY FRIEND
TOLD ME HE WANTS TO GO, BUT I KEEP THINKING ABOUT THE LONG TRIP. WHAT IF SOMETHING
GOES WRONG? I JUST DON’T KNOW."
LILY: "GOING TO MARS MAKES ME FEEL SO EMOTIONAL! I DREAM OF LIVING ON ANOTHER PLANET.
LIKE WHEN I WATCHED A DOCUMENTARY ABOUT SPACE, I FELT SO HAPPY AND INSPIRED. IT MAKES
ME BELIEVE ANYTHING IS POSSIBLE!"

17.

WELL DONE!