Introduction to Water treatment

1.

Introduction to Water
Treatment
Water treatment is the process of purifying water to make it suitable for
various uses, including drinking, industrial processes, and irrigation. It
involves a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove
contaminants and improve water quality.
by Zhanyl Abilbek

2.

•What is the water?
•Why we need it?

3.

Importance of Water Treatment
1
Public Health
2
Environmental Protection
Effective water treatment safeguards
Proper water treatment reduces
public health by preventing the spread
pollution and protects aquatic
of waterborne diseases and
ecosystems from harmful substances.
contaminants.
3
Industrial and Agricultural Use
Clean water is essential for industrial processes, irrigation, and sustaining agricultural
activities.

4.

Types of Water Treatment Processes
Physical Methods
Chemical Methods
Biological Methods
Physical treatments involve the
Chemical treatments use
Biological treatments utilize
removal of suspended solids,
coagulants, disinfectants, and
microorganisms to break down
sediments, and other impurities
pH adjustments to remove
organic matter and remove
through processes like filtration
contaminants, kill pathogens,
nutrients, such as nitrogen and
and sedimentation.
and improve water quality.
phosphorus, from water.

5.

Physical Water Treatment Methods
1
Filtration
2
Sedimentation
Filtration systems trap and remove particles
Sedimentation involves allowing suspended
and sediments from water, creating clearer
particles to settle at the bottom of a tank,
and cleaner water.
separating them from the water.

6.

Chemical Water Treatment Methods
1
Chlorination
2
Coagulation
Chlorine is added to water to kill bacteria and
Coagulants are used to clump together
other pathogens, making it safe for
impurities, allowing them to be easily
consumption.
removed from the water during filtration.

7.

Biological Water Treatment Methods
1
Activated Sludge Process
2
Nitrification
This process uses aerobic
Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia
microorganisms to break down
into nitrates, which are less harmful
organic matter in wastewater,
and easier to remove from water.
reducing its pollutant content.

8.

Advanced Water Treatment Technologies
Reverse Osmosis
Advanced filtration technology that removes
contaminants using a semi-permeable
membrane.
UV Disinfection
Ultraviolet light is used to kill bacteria, viruses,
and other microorganisms present in water.

9.

Challenges in Water Treatment
Limited Resources
Water treatment facilities may face challenges due to limited access to clean
water sources and energy resources.
Emerging Contaminants
New and complex contaminants pose challenges for traditional treatment
methods, requiring advanced solutions.

10.

Benefits of Effective Water Treatment
Improved Health
Environmental Conservation
Clean water leads to improved overall
Effective treatment protects natural water
health, reducing the risk of waterborne
bodies and conserves aquatic life and
diseases and illnesses.
ecosystems.

11.

Conclusion and Key Takeaways
750M
80%
Global Impact
Key Role
An estimated 750 million people lack access to
Approximately 80% of industrial and municipal water
clean drinking water, highlighting the critical need for
returns to the environment without adequate
effective water treatment.
treatment, affecting ecosystems and communities.

12.

Introduction to Potable
Water Production
Potable water production involves the treatment of raw water to make it
safe for drinking and other purposes. It includes a series of crucial
processes to remove impurities and ensure the water meets quality
standards.
by Zhanyl Abilbek

13.

Sources of Raw Water
Surface Water
Groundwater
Water obtained from rivers, lakes, and
Extracted from wells and aquifers, groundwater
reservoirs. It often contains contaminants and
can also harbor various impurities that require
needs thorough treatment.
treatment.

14.

Pre-Treatment Processes
1
Sedimentation
Removes large particles through settling.
2
Screening
Filters out debris and large objects from the
water.

15.

Coagulation and Flocculation
Coagulation
Flocculation
Chemicals are added to destabilize particles in
Formation of larger particles from the
the water.
destabilized particles for easier removal.

16.

Sedimentation and Filtration
1
2
S edimentation
Filtration

17.

Surface Water
Treatment

18.

Disinfection Methods
Chlorination
UV Treatment
Commonly used to kill bacteria,
Uses ultraviolet light to disinfect water
viruses, and other pathogens.
without adding chemicals.

19.

Post-Treatment Processes
1
pH Adjustment
Balance and optimization of water pH.
Desalination
Removes salt and impurities for areas
with saline water sources.
2

20.

Distribution and Storage
Water Tanks
Pipelines
Reservoirs
Ensure adequate storage
Transport water to
Manage water level
communities

21.

Challenges in Potable Water
Production
1
Contamination
2
Energy Consumption
Dealing with emerging contaminants
Ensuring efficient water treatment
and pollutants is an ongoing
processes to minimize energy
challenge.
usage.

22.

Future Advancements in Water Treatment
Nanotechnology
Smart Water Systems
Developing advanced materials for efficient
Integration of technology for real-time
water purification techniques.
monitoring and process optimization.