Костюм космонавта

1.

^KOCTfOM
1 KOCMOHOBTO
npeaeHTaukm
noflroTOBM/i Caneri/m Erop

2.

3.

UeAb: M3yHMTb OCHOBHbie
mmu SKkinkipoBKki
KOCMOHQBTOB.
1.
0 KoeMoce
2.
3HaK0MCTB0 C OCHOBHbIM
Ha6opoM ofle>Kflbi
3.
KaKyjo (JjyHKLiMK) B KoeMoce
BbinOJIHBeT 3KMnnpOBKa.
1

4.

O KOCMOCE
— 9TO nydoe npocTpaHCTBo BO Bce/ieHHOM, HaxoflHLueecfl 3a npefle/iaMM
n/iaHeiapHbix aTMoccJ^ep.
B KocMoce npucyTCTByKDT HacTMUbi Boflopofla, Kuc/iopofla M nbi/in,
OflHaKO MX KOHLteHTpauMfl OMeHb Ma/ia M cocTaBJineT
JlMLUb HeCKO/lbKO MOJieKy/1 Ha Ky6MMeCKMM MeTp. B HeKOTOpbIX
ynacTKax Me>K3Be3flHOM cpeflbi MoryT BCTpenaTbCH 3/ieKTpOMarHMTHOe
M3/iyMeHMe M KOCMMHeCKMe JiyHM.
KOCMOC o6/iaflaeT MHO>KecTBOM rpaHMq, npo/ieraromMX Ha
pa3Hbix
paccTOHHMHX
OTHOCMTe/ibHo
3eM/iM.
HanpMMep,
ocj3Mi4Ma/ibHO npM3HaHHan rpaHMLja Me>Kfly aTMOceJ^epoM
3eM/iM M 6/IM>KHMM KOCMOCOM npoxoflMT Ha BbicoTe 100 KM.
B coBpeMeHHOM MMpe 3a KOCMOC npMHMMaioT 6ecKpaMHee
npocTpaHCTBo, HaHMHahomeecH cpa3y noc/ie aTMoccj)epbi 3eM/iM. B HeM
HaxoflHTCH rmaHeTbi, 3Be3flbi, ra/iaKTMKM M Apyrne He6ecHbie o6"beKTbi.

5.

^^MCIKOMCTBO C ^^TCHOBHblM
Ha6opOM ^OfleXflbl
KoCMMHeCKMM KOCThOM MJ1M CKacjDaHflp - 3TO npeflMeT Ofle^flbl,
KOTOpblM He/lOBeK HOCMT fl/ljq nOAAGpMOHMfl >KM3HM B cypoBbix yCJlOBMflX OTKpbuoro
KOCMoca, BaxyyMa M SKCTpeMa/ibHbix TeMnepaTyp.
CKacjDaHflpbi nacTO HafleBaKDT BHyipM KocMimecKoro Kopa6/in B KanecTBe
Mepbi npeflocTopo>KHocTM Ha c/iynaM noTepn AaB/ieHMn B Ka6MHe, M OHM
Heo6xoflMMbi p,nn BHeKopa6e/ibHOM AeflTe/ibHocTM (EVA), pa6oTbi,
Bbino/iH?ieMOM BHe KoeMMHecKoro Kopa6/ifl. fl/in TaKoPi pa6oTbi HafleBanM
KOCMMHeCKMe KOCThOMbl Ha 0K0/103eMH0M Op6MTe, Ha nOBepXHOCTM
JlyHbl M no nyTM o6paTHO Ha 3eM/iK) c JlyHbi. CoBpeMeHHbie CKacjDaHflpbi
Aono/iHnKDT 6a30Byio repMeTMHHyho ofle>KAy C/IO>KHOM CMCTeMOM
o6opyAOBaHMn M SKO/iorMHecKMX CMCTeM, npeAHa3HaneHHbix A-na
o6ecneHeHMfl KOMcjDopTa no/ib30BaTe/in M MMHMMM33LIMM ycM/iMM,
Heo6xoAMMbix A-n^ crM6aHMn KOHenHocTeM, conpoTMB/inncb eciecTBeHHOM
TeHAeHAMM ivmrKOM repMeTMHHOM OAe>KAbi yn/ioTHATbcn B BaxyyMe.

6.

□
□
MAUJUHA BPEMEHU
□a H
Q&S
l/ICTOPI/lfl CKACDAHflPA
CAep>KaTb BHyTpn ce6a CMexa no
noBOAy ceroAHflWHMx npoueAyp»/ — Hanuca/i OAHH
Aon*eH
6bin
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BO3-
M3 pa6oTaBiunx Ha op6ma/ib-
MOXCHOCTb BCTaTb Ha MOTH
HOM CTaHUMM aCTpOHaBTOB. «A/lfl 3aMeHbl OCBeTMTe/lbHOM
c/iynae
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npw6opaMn,
co6npaib
o6pa3ubi
nyHHbix nopoA H npon3BO-AHTb
npHMMTMBHOe 6ypCHHC.
KPEHET
• frvC’v'jHI
CK-1
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C/iy*M/i Ann 3aiuMTbi KOCMOHaBTOB B cny-Mae
pa3repMern3aunM xa6nHb» M/IM npn 3HaMHTe/ibHbix
OTK/iOHeHnnx napaMeTpoB ee ra3oeoM cpeflw OT
HOPMW .
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noneia JOpua farapuHa
3
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CILIA
A>KEMI/IHAI7I
QUA
1964
m 1961
KO
aceMy y
wero 6binMeTa/i/iM3MpoBaHHWM HapyXHblH C/IOM
A/in OTpaxeHHfl TervioBbix
nyMew.
m
Ero craHAapTHan aopcnn 6bi/ia
o6wHHbiM
cnacaie/ib-HWM
cxa^aHApoM.
MOAH4>Mun|x>BaHHan
pa6oTbi
pa3pa6oiaHa
3a
Ann
npeAenaMM
KOCMMnecKoro xopa6nn.
ocyme-CTBHTb
KOHTaKT C JlyHHOH
nar-inbi
A
AonxceH
6bm
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cneuManbHbie OMKM, o6ecne-MMBajoiAMe
6e3onacHOCTb, M nbmecoc. Ha TOT
c/iynaM, ec/in ziaMnoHKa pacKO/ieTcn.
B Aono/iHeHMe
nappHHR,
B

7.

MCTOPMfl CKAOAHflPA
59
4
BEPKYT
£
1964
XlonxeH 6wn 3autnmaTb OT neperpeBa M, Hao6opOT,
A
Taxxe
o6e-cneMMTb
MaKCMManbHy»o 6e3onacnocTb
Me/iOBeKy, 6biTb npeAenbno HaAe*MbiM n MMeTb
MMHMMa/IbHblM o6beM M MaCCy. Bc« CMCTena
yMema/iacb B pani^e pa3MepoM 520x320x120 MM,
xoTopbiu npMCTernBa/icfl K criMHe npn nOMOlAM
6b(CTpOA^MCTBy»Olue-ro pa3beMa.
OT
oxnaxAeHMB.
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■ Ml Any/ibiodo ’.tfl U'J UOCMH ■ jfiDfl et.xoA=> B
CCCP
ouabi!)/ *;OL v<_x_ A/iexceeN* ileo-OBoiv
Cxa<|>aHAP c MOBOM CMCTeMOM XH3Heo6ecneMeHMB. 3aMeTHbiM n/iiocoM
CTano TO, MTO Macca CKa4>aHApa He
npeBbiujaeT 8—10 xr, a TOAIUHHS na-xeTa
o6o/iOMex MUHMMa/ibHa. OAnaxo Ha
npaxTHxe «flcTpe6» ncno/ib3oea/i-c« Bcero
OAHH pa3 - A^n nepexoAa H3 «Co»03a-5» B
«COK>3-4».
7
0PJ1AH
£
1971
MoAH(t>MKaunn «Op/iaHOB» Mbi M ceftnac Mcnonb3yt*M Ha MKC. riepBue
cxa4>aHA|)bi, ncno/ib30BaHne KOTOpwx Cw/io BOJMOXHO 6e3 «noAroHxn», T.e.
AK>6WM M/ieHOM axmiaxay «0p/iaHa» cymecTByeT MHOXCCTBO MOAH-4>nKaunPi,
HexoTopbie H3 Kotopbtx npeACTaB/ieHu Huxe:
| OP/lAH-flMA |
| 0PJ1AH-CTP |
OP/lAH-flHA 1
| 0PJlAH-flHA2~~| | 0Pn*H-flMA~3~| | 0PAAH-flMA~4~| | OPflAH-flmT |

8.

Kcucyio cpyrncumo B
OCMOCe BbinOAHflGT
KMflkipOBKa

9.

Heo6xoflMMocTb co3flaHi/m CKacj)aHApa noaBH/iacb eme B Hana/ie 30-x
roflOB XX BeKa. fle/io B TOM, MTO /leTHMKM-ncnbiTaTe/iM fla>Ke B
Kuc/iopoAHbix m/ieMax He Mor/in nOflHHTbCH Ha BbICOTbl 6o/lbLUe 12 KM
V\ 3~33 l"IOHM>KeHHOrO aTMocc})epHoro flaB/ieHMH. Ha 3TOM Bbicoie
a30T, paCTBOpeHHblki B TK3HHX He/lOBeKa, HaMMHaeT nepeXOflMTb B
ra30o6pa3Hoe cocTOHHMe, HTO npMBOflm K B03HMKH0BeHMK> 6o/ieBbix
omymeHMM.

10.

KWTME nfPBorci orai
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11.

nosTOMy B 1931-M ro,qy HHweHep E. HepTOBCKUki cn^^KTupoBa/i nepBbm
CKacjDaHflp «H-1». OH npeflCTaB/iH/i C060M npOCTOH repMeTHMHblM
K0M6MHe30H CO LU/ieMOM, CHa6>KeHHbiM He6o/ibLUMM CTeK/ioM AJIH
o63opa. 6006140, B «H-1» MO>KHO 6bmo fle/iaTb Bee MTO yroflHO, HO To/ibKo
He pa6oTaTb. Ho TeM He MeHee OH CTa/i npopbiBOM. no3AHee, AO BOHHbi
HepTOBCKHM ycne/i cnpoeKTMpoBaTb eme rnecTb MOfle/iePi CKacjDaHflpoB.
rioc/ie BoPiHbi CTa/in noHB/iHTbCH nepBbie peaKTMBHbie MCTpe6mejin,
KOTopbie pe3K0 noBbicn/in n/iaHKy MaKcmviajibHbix BbicoT.

12.

13.

B 1947-1950 roflax rpynna KOHCTpyKTopoB noA pyKOBOACTBOM
A. BOMKO C03Aa/ia nepBbie noc/ieBoeHHbie aBnacKacJ^aHAPbi,
no/iyHMBLune Ha3BaHne BCC- 01 M BCC- 04 (BbiccrmbiM
cnacaie/ibHbm CKacjDaHAp). OHM npeACTaB/in/iM CO6OM
repMeTMHeCKMe K0M6MHe30Hbl M3 npope3MHeHHOM TK3HM, K
KOTOpbIM KpenM/lMCb HeCbeMHbie OTKMAHbie LU/ieMbl M
KMC/lOpOAHbie MaCKM. I/I3J1MLUKM AaBJieHMfl Ha BbICOTe
pery/iMpoBa/iMCb cneuMa/ibHbiM K/ianaHOM.

14.

BblBOfl
1.
KOCMOC - 3TO BaKyyM. OH npoHM3aH pa3/iMMHbiMM M3/iyHeHMflMM, a T3K>Ke
coflep>KiiT MacTMi^bi ra3a, nbi/ui 11 flpyroii MaTepmi. Bee, HTO cymecTByeT BO
Bce/ieHHOH, COCTOHT 113 HopMa/ibHOM MaTepmi, a TaioKe TeMHOM MaTepmi 11
TeMHOM aHeprmi, npwpofly M npoMcxo>KAeHMe KOTopbix yneHbie flo CMX nop
Mcc/ieflyiOT.
2.
Cxa(|)aHflpbl fl/lH BblXOfla B OTKpblTblM KOCMOC COBepUlH/HI 3HamiTe/ibHyio
aBOJitoijmo co BpeMeH «BepKyTa». KocMOHaBTaMM 11 aCTpOHaBTaMM C06paH0
MHOMeCTBO KOHCTpyKL^HM.
3.
BbIXOflbl B OTKpblTblM KOCMOC OnaCHbl no MHO>KeCTBy pa3JlMMHblX
npMHMH. rny6oKMM BaxyyM, 3KCTpeMa/ibHbie TeMnepaTypbi OT MiiHyc 130 °C flo
n/iioc 140 °C, M3/iyMeHne C 0/11-114 a, BeponTHOCTb CTO/iKHOBeHMH c
HacTMi^aMii KOCMMMecKoro Mycopa 11/111 MMKpoMeTeopiiTaMii. B ycnoBMqx
OTKpbiToro KoeMoca KOCMOHABTA 3AU1MU1AET CKACDAHflP.