Anatomy. Great anatomists

1.

State budgetary vocational educational institution
The health Department of the Moscow city
«Medical College № 7»
ANATOMY. GREAT ANATOMISTS
Moscow 2019

2.

Claudius Galen (Galenus)
Galen was an ancient roman doctor.
He learned the bones of the upper and lower
extremities, and also the skull of the patients.
Galen described from the 7 to 12 cranial
nerves.
The doctor studied in detail the venous and
arterial blood (dark red and scarlet).
Galen proved that urine was formed in the
kidneys, and not in the bladder.
It’s Galen who owned an active
propagation of bloodletting.

3.

Leonardo da Vinchi
(1452-1519)
The sceientist investigatel 30 corpses and made about 800
original drawings of bones, muscles, heart and other organs.
He was the first one to study the functional anatomy of the motor
apparatus.
Leonardo was the first to portray the frontal sinus in the figure
of the skull.
The first one who suggested using glass models of organs and
vessels to observe how the blood flows through them.
He the first determined the exact number of vertebrae and the
first most accurately reproduced the shape of the spinal column.
Leonardo first suggested that the neck muscles hold the cervical
spine.
He correctly identified the presence of a tricuspid valve, pointed to
the function of tendon chords.

4.

William Нarvey
(1578-1657)
W. Harvey was and English physician,
the
founder
of
physiology
and
embryology.
He has discovered viscera circulation and
function of the heart.
Harvey’s research proved that the heart
was a muscle viscera.
The doctor first proved the well-known
formula: “Ex ovo omnia”
(«all living things» - from the egg)
W. Harvey discovered the pulmonary and
systemic of blood circulation.

5.

Mikhail Lomonosov
(1711-1765)
Lomonosov made a great contribution
in medicine.
He paid a great attention to childbirth,
the hygiene of children of early age, cared
for them. The scientist insisted on the.
preparation of midwives, creating a
textbook for them with the use of folk
experience.
He founded at the St. Petersburg Academy
of Sciences Russia's first chemical
laboratory (1748).
Lomonosov proposed a special protective
clothes.

6.

Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov
1810-1824
Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov is a
prominent Russian scientist, doctor,
pedagogue,
public
figure,
and
corresponding member of the Russian
Academy of Sciences. He is considered
to be the founder of field surgery, and
was one of the first surgeons in Europe
to use ether as an anaesthetic. During
the Crimean War, invented plaster cast.
And he used artificial joint to lengthen
and shortened limb.

7.

Ilia Mechnikov
(1845-1916)
Russian biologist and pathologist
One of the founders of comparative
pathology, evolutionary embryology and
immunology
The founder of the scientific school
Together with N.F. Gamaleia founded the
first in Russia bacteriological station
(1886)
The scientist discovered and expanded
the phagocytic theory.
He created the theory of the origin of
multicellular organisms

8.

Tonkov
Tonkov wrote the book “
The base of the theoretical
anatomy”.
The soviet anatomist carried
out the theory about
collateral blood circulation.

9.

Vorobjev Vladimir Petrovich
Vorobjev was the soviet anatomist who
investigated the nervous system.
Together with the classical anatomical
methods Russian scientist used the modern
methods of the investigations
(X – rays
examinations, Ultro – sound, electro –
microscopical experiments).
The scientist was one of the first began to
develop functional anatomy discovered new
laws of the structural organization of the nervous
system, developed the theory of formation and
functions of organisms.
Vorobjev organized in Khrakov the world's
famous “The Museum of human evolution“.

10. Skeletal System Anatomy

SKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMY
The skeletal system in an adult body is made up of 206 bones. These bones are
arranged into two major divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular
skeleton. The axial skeleton runs along the body’s midline axis and is made up of
80 bones in the following parts:
Skull
Hyoid
Auditory ossicles
Ribs
Sternum
Vertebral column
The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones in the following parts:
Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Pelvic girdle
Shoulder girdle

11. Muscular System

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
The muscular system is responsible for the movement of the human body.
Attached to the bones of the skeletal system are about 700 named muscles
that make up roughly half of a person’s body weight. Each of these muscles
consists of single organ including of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels,
tendons, and nerves.
Muscle tissue is also found inside of the heart, digestive organs, and blood
vessels. There are three types of muscle tissue: Visceral, cardiac, and
skeletal.