Excursion around the city of Dzerzhinsk

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Климешина Ксения
Группа СЭЗ-01-20
Экскурсия по городу Дзержинск.

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Dzerzhinsk city tour! Hello there! Today I
am your guide. We will go through the
most famous places of Dzerzhinsk and
you will get the most necessary and
unique information! Let's start our walk!

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Mayakovsky square
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In the city of Dzerzhinsk, a monument to Vladimir Vladimirovich
Mayakovsky was solemnly erected in 1965. It was installed on the square
that bears the name of Vladimir Mayakovsky. There are two versions of
the data, one of which States that the monument was installed in 1965, and
the other believes that in 1987. But it was not possible to find out exactly
where the truth is.But this is not the end of the intrigue. The first
monument that stood here was turned back to the Prosecutor's office and
the people's court, it was installed in 1957. And all because he could not
stand with his back to Lenin, which also stood on this very square near the
clinic.The monument that was restored now was rotated one hundred and
eighty degrees. This is not considered a measure of respect for local
government bodies, but the correct orientation of the monument to the
South, and all because the sun shone in the face of Vladimir Mayakovsky,
and not in the back, as it happened before. This monument was made by
the sculptor Anisimov, working together with the architect Voronkov. The
monument reaches a height of eleven meters, this is together with the
pedestal. There are only one doubts, and they consist in the fact that many
doubt that the monument is made of bronze, and all because it looks
strange. Maybe because it is painted with some paint that over the years
just faded and peeled off.Judging by the monument, we can say that
Mayakovsky will start reading his excellent poems right now. This is the
opinion of the famous Dzerzhinsk journalist Anna Raevskaya. The
monument in Dzerzhinsk appeared a year earlier than in Moscow, which
this city is very proud of.

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Every city on earth has a building or structure that is its architectural symbol, something like a
business card. So Paris is recognized by the Eiffel tower. We will recognize Saint Petersburg by
the Admiralty needle. St. Basil's Cathedral is a landmark building in Moscow. In Nizhny
Novgorod, this symbol is the Dmitrov tower of the Kremlin.One of the main architectural
symbols of the city of Dzerzhinsk is considered to be located at 12/14 Chkalov Avenue, built in
1955-A house with a spire. Actually, it is the spire erected on the Central part of the building
that makes this house iconic.Alexey Fyodorovich Kusakin, the architect of this house, very
successfully entered this house into the surrounding architectural landscape. Moreover, he
created this landscape and then the house with the spire confirmed the dominant not only of
this landscape, but also of the entire city.The spire was made in the workshop of the capital
construction Department of the Zavodstroy plant (now JSC Caprolactam of SIBUR-Neftekhim).
Ilya Markovich Beker, a well - known in Dzerzhinsk, honored Builder of the RSFSR, supervised
the production and installation.The house with a spire is made up of three volumes. The
Central tower is placed exactly at the intersection of Chkalov Avenue and Mayakovsky street.
this wing has 4 floors, along Chkalov Avenue-3 floors. This was done for a reason: on
Mayakovsky street, the house is adjacent to a four-story building of pre-war construction, and
on Chkalov Avenue with three-story houses. Thus, the house with a spire does not dissonate
with the surrounding space, harmoniously merging into it.The Central tower has five floors.
Due to the elongated design of Windows and doors, the first floor looks higher than the rest.
This effect is enhanced by the fact that the top of the first floor is emphasized by a cornice that
reaches to the bottom of the 2nd floor Windows. The Windows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th floors
are rectangular, and on the fifth they are arched. On the three upper floors, balconies are
provided, giving the house grace and expressiveness.The Central tower, which is quadrangular
in cross-section, is crowned with a Doric cornice, and above the cornice there is a balustrade
consisting of battlements-balusters. At the corners of the tower, these battlements are slightly
higher than the others. On the four-pitched roof, there is a quadrangular room surrounded by
a colonnade: 6 columns of square cross-section on each side. The colonnade is crowned with a
common Doric cornice, and four smaller balusters stand at the top of the cornice. There are
four smaller balusters above the colonnade. Above the colonnade there is a six-piece with
niches on each side. The hexagon is also crowned with a cornice, and on it – on every corner –
very small balusters. The entire pyramid ends in a metal spire, approximately equal in height
to the height of the six.The cornices, balconies, and Windows of the wings adjacent to the
Central tower are exactly the same as on the tower, which gives the entire complex an
architectural integrity. On the roof of the three-story wing that runs along Chkalov Avenue,
there is also a balustrade, but somewhat more modest than on the tower. Both wings are
separated from the sidewalks by green lawns with shrubs and trees.On the first floor of the
Central tower for a long time there was a circle of aircraft modelers. For several years, Vasily
Fyodorovich Klyukvin, first Secretary of the CPSU city Committee, lived in a small two-room
apartment in this building.For more than 20 years, The house with the spire was in a
depressing state. Balusters, balustrades, cornices, balconies were destroyed. The spire was not
painted, and had every prospect of rusting to the ground.In 2013, the facade of The house with
a spire was completely renovated. Decorative lighting of the building was installed. The
architectural symbol of Dzerzhinsk shone with new colors.On March 28, 2014, a memorial
plaque to the chief architect of Dzerzhinsk, Alexey Fyodorovich Kusakin, was installed on the
facade of the house

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Palace of culture of chemists
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It is impossible to imagine that half a century
ago, on the site of the Palace, there was a huge
sand hill, beyond which only sand could be
seen, and this was the edge of the city. A twostory fire station stood on the site of a round
square planted with fir trees, and the gate to
the city Park of culture and recreation rose
opposite. The young people who liked to walk
in these places had a proverb: "Walk from the
arch to the fire pit."The chief architect of the
city of Dzerzhinsk Alexey Fyodorovich
Kusakin dreamed of building a new theater on
this site and in 1951, its layout was created.The
decisive contribution to the creation of the
Palace of culture from the origin of his ideas to
completion, belong to the first Secretary of the
party Committee Ustina Petrovich Shevliakova
and Chairman of the Executive Committee
Anatoly Smirnov. Construction of this type of
building, such a volume and scope, with such
a finish was carried out in Dzerzhinsk for the
first time. They didn't order a special project.

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They didn't order a special project. The project of the Nizhny Tagil Palace of metallurgists, built in 1952, was taken as a
basis. The author of the project was the architect Vladimir Yemelyanov. It would seem that the chemists ' Palace of
culture are twin palaces built in the same decade, but they cannot be called twins, since our Palace was built after the
government decree on excesses in architecture was issued, so the appearance of our Palace is devoid of pomp and more
strict.In those years, the head of architectural ensembles put the buildings of the Soviet government, party administrative
institutions. Dzerzhinsk is one of the few cities where a cultural institution has become the head of the architectural
ensemble of the Central part of the city. The Palace became the basis of the composition, the dominant and main cityforming center. The principle expressed by A. M. Gorky that the main buildings in cities should not be any
administrative buildings, but cultural buildings was implemented. It was a very bold decision at the time.The Builder of
the Palace was Zavodstroy (Director Yu. a. Koganovich). In the book of the chronicle of the city, in the section "cultural
Institution", entry No. 14 is made, which reads "the Palace of culture (chemists) was founded on August 22, 1955 on
Lenin Avenue, the former Sverdlov Avenue".Construction of the Palace began under the direction of the chief architect of
Dzerzhinsk Alexey Fyodorovich Kusakin, and after he was sent to Nizhny Novgorod, in June 1958 Vadim Vasilyevich
Voronkov was appointed chief architect. The first and one of the main instructions from the city's leadership to the
young architect was to complete the construction of the DKH. At the first inspection of the object, Voronkov found many
errors. They were mainly related to the inability of builders to create complex architectural forms, since they mainly built
chemical enterprises.So, in 1955, the builders of the second Department of SMU No. 4, headed by A. I. Korobov, laid the
Foundation and a year later the building was mostly finished-the brickwork was completed. Dmitry Petrovich
retyunskikh, the foreman of the construction team and future honored Builder of Russia and honorary citizen of
Dzerzhinsk, supervised the work. Water and heating systems were installed. The finishers got down to business: the
floors and stairs were lined with slabs of white marble, the walls were decorated with intricate stucco decorations, and
the rotunda was glazed.In 1958, under the leadership of Brigadier Z. D. Alyokhina, the Palace was plastered. Supervision
of the entire decoration of the building, monumental and decoration was carried out by the honoured artist of the USSR
Grigory Oprysko. I would like to note the excellent work of the hero of socialist labor, bricklayer Valentin Vilkov.The
Palace was built using all the canons of Russian architectural classics. At that time, in the Soviet Union, this trend was
called the style of socialist realism.The Palace includes 6 levels: gas shelter, ground floor, first, second, third floors and
rotunda (from the Italian "round") - a round building topped by a dome or spire, by the way, the largest national flag in
the region flies over the rotunda of the DKH.The Palace has a theater hall with 850 seats. The interior of the Palace is
richly decorated with marble, parquet floors. Outside, the basement of the building is lined with black granite. Works
with marble and granite were performed by masters invited from Armenia.Already on November 6, 1958, the first
solemn meeting dedicated to the 41st anniversary of the Great October was held in the DKH.On December 10, 1958, the
XXIX city party conference was held here. And on December 26, 1958, the act of commissioning was signed.On January
1, 1959, the Palace was officially opened. For several months, work was carried out on the selection of staff, improvement
and equipment of halls and offices. On April 19, the DKH opened its doors to citizens. This date is considered the DKH's
birthday.In 1997, by decree of the legislative Assembly of the Nizhny Novgorod region No. 204, DKH was recognized as
a monument of architecture and urban planning.The chemists ' Palace of culture is set up regally and majestically – just
as cathedrals were set up in the old days. It is built on a sand dune and stands on a podium, as if hovering over the city,
surrounded by a beautiful square. You don't just approach it, but solemnly ascend the front steps of a wide staircase.

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Monument on Heroes ' squareIn 1965, the Dzerzhinsk city Council of workers '
deputies, in commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the victory Of the Soviet people
over Nazi Germany, decided to rename a number of streets and avenues of the city. The
square where the monument of Glory was built should be named "Heroes ' square"; 40
let Oktyabrya Avenue should be renamed Pobedy Avenue; Shchadenko street should
be renamed Arkady Gaidar street, a writer who died heroically in the Great Patriotic
war; Novaya street should be renamed Valentin Yegorovich Sitnov street, Dzerzhinets,
Hero of the Soviet Union. On May 9, 1965, the sacred flame from the Eternal flame
from the field of Mars was solemnly lit in Leningrad on the newly equipped Heroes '
square.As if more than half a century has not passed since then: old photos, eyewitness
memories, materials of the newspaper "Dzerzhinets" bring back the memory. On that
day, 80 thousand citizens gathered in the new square. At exactly twelve hours and
thirty minutes, the first Secretary of the city Committee of the CPSU, Vasily
Fyodorovich Klyukvin, opened the meeting. He said: "A large army of our compatriots
Dzerzhinsky fought in the battle for the Motherland, courage and heroism. Many of
them died a brave death. Gave his life for the freedom socialist Motherland of 10
thousand Dzerzhinsky. Today we are opening a monument of military and labor Glory
to our countrymen. He will be reminded of feats of arms and labor valor of
Dzerzhinsky in the terrible years of the great Patriotic war". Respected people spoke at
the rally: Nikolai Fedorovich Bredikhin - one of the fifteen Heroes of the Soviet Union,
who lived at that time in Dzerzhinsk, former Director of the plant. Kalinina Governor
M. Klimkin... But the words of Natalia Matveeva, a war participant and head teacher of
school No. 38, were especially heartfelt in the quiet square: "I Remember one mass
grave, the largest in Orhei, where we took a hard fight. It is not yet covered with earth,
the wind stirs the brown hair of the fallen, they lie in even rows, as in a formation.
They were all very young and loved life, so they went to their deaths for it. And I
quietly whispered then, saying goodbye to them: "You are our relatives, Oh, how
difficult it will be for those who have remained alive without you. Sleep well, heroes!
Glory to you, Golden Russian hearts!" The commander instructed me to send funerals
to the relatives and friends of the victims. And with each piece of gray paper, a particle
of my grief went to where they were still waiting for them alive." on that memorable
day, representatives of three generations lit the Eternal flame in the console bowl: Hero
of the Soviet Union Bredikhin, Komsomol member Goryachev, pioneer Razumovsky. In
honor of the opening of the memorial, salutes thundered, pioneers laid wreaths at the
foot of the obelisk.

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This is the end of our tour.
I hope you enjoyed it.