Russia and the WTO

1.

209106022 Nezamov
Rasul
and
the WTO
I Introduction
Russi
a
WTO definition: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international
organization established to regulate world trade and settle disputes between
member states.
Significance of the WTO for the global economy: The WTO plays a key role in
maintaining international trade, stabilizing economic relations between countries
and creating a level playing field for competition.

2.

Why Russia's accession to the WTO was an important step: Russia's accession to
the WTO was an important step for integrating Russia into the world economy,
increasing the volume of foreign trade, strengthening the competitiveness of the
national economy and protecting Russia's economic interests in the international
arena. In addition, accession to the WTO has made it possible to establish rules and
regulations for world trade and to settle trade disputes with other member states.
II. The history of Russia's accession to theWTO
1. 1993-1995: In 1993, Russia applied to join the WTO. Negotiations began on tariffs
on goods, foreign trade rules, access to the services market and other issues. In
1995, the Agreement on Russia's accession to the GATT (Public Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade) - the predecessor of the WTO, was signed, which was the first
step towards WTO membership.
2. 1996-1999: During this period, negotiations continued on Russia's accession to the
WTO. Issues of protecting intellectual property, settling trade disputes and bringing
the national legal framework in line with WTO requirements were discussed.
3. 2000-2003: In 2000, a Working Group on Russia's accession to the WTO was
established. During this period, negotiations continued on the reduction of tariff and
non-tariff barriers to the import of goods, settlement of disputes and other issues. In
2002, Russia and China reached an agreement to join the WTO together, which
helped to accelerate the process of Russia's accession to the WTO.
4. 2004-2006: During this period, negotiations continued on Russia's accession to
the WTO. The main topics of the talks included the reduction of customs duties,
the opening of the market for foreign investment, the settlement of disputes and
other issues.
5. 2007-2011: In 2007, Russia reached an agreement with the US and the EU to join
the WTO. During this period, negotiations continued on the details of accession and
the settlement of remaining issues. In 2011, the WTO Board of Directors approved
Russia's accession to the WTO.
Key developments on the path to WTO membership: On the path to WTO
membership, Russia faced a number of obstacles, including a lack of political will
on the part of several participating countries, difficulties in resolving disputes with
the US and the EU, and the need to pass a large number of laws and reforms to
comply with WTO requirements.
Year of entry and results: Russia joined the WTO on August 22, 2012 after 19 years
of negotiations. As a result of accession, Russia gained access to the world market,
established transparent trade rules, protected the interests of domestic producers
and increased export volumes. In addition, Russia's accession to the WTO helped
accelerate economic reforms and attract foreign investment.
III. Advantages of Russia's accession to theWTO:
Lowering Tariffs on Imported Goods: Accession to the WTO has allowed Russia
to reduce customs duties on imported goods. This has resulted in increased trade
volumes and improved access to new technologies and product markets.

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Accelerating Economic Growth: Accession to the WTO has allowed Russia to attract
more foreign investment and accelerate economic growth. Accession to the WTO
also contributed to the stability of economic conditions and the creation of a
favorable investment environment.
Improved Rules and Regulations: Accession to the WTO has helped Russia improve
the rules and regulation of foreign trade, making them more transparent and
predictable. This has reduced barriers for foreign investors and entrepreneurs.
IV. Disadvantages of Russia's accession to theWTO:
Competition: Accession to the WTO has led to increased competition in the domestic
market.
Some sectors of the Russian economy began to experience difficulties because
they were not ready to compete with foreign manufacturers.
Market loss risk: Russian companies face the risk of market loss due to increased
competition from foreign companies. However, accession to the WTO also gave
them the opportunity to gain access to new markets abroad.
Problems in adaptation: Accession to the WTO requires Russian companies and
the government to adapt to new rules and requirements. Some companies may
find it difficult to adapt and change their business processes.
IV.consequences of Russia's accession to theWTO:
Increased Trade: Russia's accession to the WTO has increased trade with other
WTO members. This led to the development of economic ties, improved access to
new technologies and product markets.Increasing Competitiveness: Accession to
the WTO has increased the competitiveness of Russian goods and services on
the international market, making them more attractive to foreign consumers.
Attracting foreign investment: Russia has become more attractive to foreign investors
after joining the WTO. This led to an increase in investment in various sectors of the
economy and the creation of new jobs.
Improved Rules and Regulations: Accession to the WTO has allowed Russia to
improve the rules and regulation of foreign trade, making them more transparent
and predictable. This contributed to the reduction of barriers for foreign investors
and entrepreneurs.
Export Development: Accession to the WTO has made Russian exports more
competitive on the international market. This led to an increase in the export of
Russian goods and services and the creation of new opportunities for export
development.
Changing economic structure: Russia's accession to the WTO has led to a change
in the country's economic structure.Some industries have become more
developed, while others have become less competitive due to increased
competition from foreign companies.
Raising standards: Accession to the WTO required Russia to comply with
international standards in various areas, such as the protection of intellectual

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VI. Conclusion
Significant positive results have been achieved as a result of Russia's accession to
the WTO. In particular, the volume of trade with other member countries was
increased, contacts and ties with the world community were strengthened, the
competitiveness of Russian goods and services was increased, and the economic
performance of the country as a whole was improved.
Among the negative consequences, one can single out increased competition in
some markets and a change in the economic structure, which required some
adaptation and changes in approaches to economic policy.
However, despite some difficulties, Russia found its place in the global economy and
received new opportunities for development. Future prospects include expanding
economic cooperation with other member countries, attracting investment and
developing new directions in trade and the economy.
In general, Russia's accession to the WTO was an important step towards the
development of the country's economy and politics, and brought significant benefits
to its citizens and businesses.