Cleaning drains

1.

Cleaning drains
Zan Heletaht 21kvh2

2.

Relevance
The sewer system needs regular cleaning. You
should not think that having safely got rid of the
“it is not clear where it came from” blockage, the
homeowner cleaned the entire pipeline. .

3.

Causes of clogged pipelines
Operational blockages:
rust on the inner surface of the pipes;
calcium precipitate;
sewer silting; fatty deposits on the walls of
the pipes;
remnants of hair, thread.

4.

Mechanical blockages
small foreign objects entering the sewer
system

5.

Technological blockages
errors were made during the installation of the
sewer system. Another reason is the
deterioration of sewer pipes.

6.

Siphon blockages
siphons are clogged - elements responsible
for ensuring that unpleasant air does not
enter the room

7.

Pipeline cleaning methods
Hydrodynamic cleaning
Thermochemical and thermal cleaning
Pneumohydropulse impact

8.

HYDRODYNAMIC CLEANING
The principle of operation of hydrodynamic
equipment is quite simple: water under pressure is
supplied to the blockage and destroys it.

9.

10.

FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLOCKAGES,
DIFFERENT NOZZLES ARE USED TO HELP THE
MOST EFFICIENTLY DEAL WITH THE PROBLEM

11.

Advantages of hydrodynamic cleaning:
1. Removal of dirt is carried out completely and instantly.
2. Communications are not deformed.
3. The influence of the water vortex on the channel walls is gentle, so the
operation of the pipe system is not reduced.
4. The complexity of piping in the hydrotreating system does not matter.
5. The environment does not change with this method, since there are no toxic
backfills in the purifier (water) and the unit works without exhaust gases.
6. There is a possibility of stripping in winter at sub-zero temperatures. Frost in
pipes along with ice deposits are easily removed.
7. The cost of cleaning
work in the system
sewer pipes
significantly by water
cheaper than replacing them.

12.

THERMOCHEMICAL AND THERMAL CLEANING
The cost of chemical cleaning agents is quite high, so this method is
not always used.

13.

PNEUMO-HYDRO-IMPULSE IMPACT
The principle of operation of the system is to
send multiple short pulses to the pipeline to
be cleaned.

14.

Cleaning of drains. Wastewater treatment plant
Wastewater treatment is a set of
measures to remove contaminants
contained in domestic and industrial
wastewater before releasing them into
water bodies. Wastewater treatment is
carried out at special treatment
facilities.
Wastewater treatment methods:
mechanical,
biological,
physical and chemical,
wastewater disinfection,
• thermal recycling.

15.

The first stage of wastewater treatment. mechanical method
Mechanical cleaning is very important, as in the future it will
allow more efficient biological cleaning. At the mechanical
stage, insoluble impurities are retained
In addition, mechanical cleaning methods are the simplest and
cheapest. There are three main mechanical cleaning methods:
settling;
Filtration;
• Straining.
Straining
In this case, water flows
through special meshes and
gratings. They, in turn, have
cells of a given size. In most
cases, gratings and meshes
made of metal are used.

16.

Mechanical methods
Filtration.
In this case, water passes through
a special backfill or porous
material. Water can flow both
under pressure and without
pressure. Sand, particles of glass,
metal are used as a filler. Among
other things, by means of filtration,
it is possible to achieve a finer
purification of wastewater. It all
depends on the filler.
Disc filter - is a cylindrical package consisting of polymer discs. They have
a specially treated surface, thereby forming a three-dimensional structure.
As a result, water is perfectly purified from mechanical impurities. This
equipment is quite easy to use, characterized by high reliability. If the disc
filter is very dirty, it is very easy to clean, and there is no need to
purchase additional consumables.

17.

Mechanical methods
Settling
Wastewater enters the presettlement chamber, where part
of
the
contaminants
are
deposited in the sump. Then the
partially purified water rises and
passes through the filter.
Retained impurities also slide
into the sump.
Thus, sedimentation tanks are indispensable facilities for purifying
water from sewers.
As a result of mechanical cleaning, up to 60-70% of mineral contaminants are
removed. In addition, the mechanical stage of treatment is important for
creating a uniform flow of wastewater (averaging) and avoids fluctuations in the
volume of wastewater at the biological stage.

18.

Physico-chemical methods
These methods are used for cleaning from dissolved impurities, and in
some cases from suspended solids. Many methods of physical and
chemical treatment require preliminary deep separation of suspended
solids from wastewater, for which the coagulation process is widely used.
Currently, in connection with the use of circulating water supply systems,
the use of physical and chemical methods of wastewater treatment is
significantly increasing, the main of which are:
flotation;
adsorption;
coagulation;
ion-exchange and electrochemical cleaning;
hyperfiltration;
neutralization;
extraction;
evaporation;
• evaporation, evaporation and crystallization.

19.

Biological wastewater treatment
occurs due to the vital activity of microorganisms capable of oxidizing
organic substances. The basis for the development of this method is the
natural cleaning of rivers and reservoirs by the microflora inhabiting them.
Thus, effluents are freed from organic nitrogen and phosphorus.
Biological treatment is aerobic and anaerobic.
Aerobic wastewater treatment is carried
out with the help of aerobic bacteria that
require oxygen to live. Biofilters and
aerotanks with activated sludge are used
for such cleaning. Aerotanks have a high
degree of purification and are more
efficient than biofilters for wastewater
treatment.
Construction for aerobic wastewater treatment due to the vital
activity of bacteria

20.

Biological wastewater treatment
Anaerobic wastewater treatment is carried
out without access to oxygen. Under the
influence of anaerobic bacteria, the
process of fermentation and the conversion
of organic matter into methane and carbon
dioxide occurs. For this method, meta
tanks are used. Anaerobic treatment
requires less expense than aerobic
treatment, since it does not require
aeration.
Bioponds. Biological ponds are called natural or artificially created reservoirs in
which wastewater is purified under the influence of natural biological
processes. Bioponds, as a rule, are used for post-treatment of wastewater that
has undergone primary settling and biological treatment. In fact, biological
ponds are shallow (up to 1 meter deep) reservoirs that are well warmed up by
the sun.

21.

Biological wastewater treatment
Biofilters are structures in which effluents pass through filter
elements consisting of gravel, slag, expanded clay and other
materials. The film covering the entire feed material consists of
colonies of microorganisms that oxidize organic substances.

22.

Waste water disinfection
Disinfection by ultraviolet
irradiation is a more
effective and safe method
compared to chlorination,
since it does not produce
harmful toxic substances.
Ultraviolet radiation has a
detrimental effect on almost
all microorganisms and
effectively destroys the
pathogens
of
cholera,
dysentery, typhoid, viral
hepatitis, poliomyelitis and
other diseases.
The UV of water is the passage of water along the UV
lamp. UV rays penetrate several centimeters into the
water column.

23.

Waste water disinfection
Chlorination is based on the ability of active chlorine
to have a detrimental effect on microorganisms. A
significant disadvantage of this method is the
formation of chlorine-containing toxins and
carcinogens.
• Ozonation is the disinfection of waste water with
ozone. Ozone is a gas consisting of triatomic
oxygen molecules, a strong oxidizing agent that
kills bacteria. This is a rather expensive method of
disinfection, in which harmful substances are
released: aldehydes and ketones.

24.

Thermal disposal
Thermal disposal is used for process wastewater when other methods are
ineffective. Its essence is that sprayed effluents are disinfected in a torch of
burned fuel.
At modern wastewater treatment plants, wastewater is treated in stages, while
the methods described above are consistently applied.
Thermal disposal of wastewater consists in the
disinfection of wastewater in the flame of burning fuel

25.

Classic wastewater treatment scheme

26.

Individual septic tank
A septic tank is the most common way of arranging a local sewage
system for country cottages. The design of this type of sewage treatment
plant begins with determining the number of people living in the house and
the presence of various household appliances that discharge water into
the sewer.
Based on these parameters, you should choose one of the existing
options for a septic tank, as well as correctly carry out work on its
construction.

27.

Biological treatment station
Such a treatment plant is capable of removing 98% of the impurities present
there from sewage. This is practically pure water, which is supplied to the central
city water supply.
Biological treatment facilities have
many design features:
The basis is a sealed container
made of plastic and equipped with
ribs that provide the desired level
of rigidity.
Wastewater treatment occurs with
the help of special bacteria, for
which a favorable environment is
created in the tank.
• The whole process is divided
into several stages. Water
circulates from tank to tank and
is purified by passing through
various filters.

28.

Thanks for your attention!!!