The structure of the conclusion paragraph. Week 8. Lessons 1-2

1.

WEEK 8
LESSONS 1-2
THE STRUCTURE OF
THE CONCLUSION
PA R A G R A P H

2.

WARM-UP EXERCISE (5 MINUTES)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBiiRrgZJfk
Watch the video, list:
• the essay components
• the types of sentences in the conclusion paragraph
and answer this question:
• What should be included in the conclusion paragraph’s first, middle,
and last sentences?

3.

THE CONCLUSION OF AN ESSAY
The conclusion of an essay often summarizes the main points, but it should not
just repeat them word for word. It shows how the arguments relate to each
other and back to the thesis statement. It also draws wider conclusions such as
implications of the ideas discussed, practical applications, predictions for the
future, and suggestions for further research. Throughout, your essay must be
coherent, i.e. containing logically connected ideas, and cohesive, i.e. with points
connected through carefully-chosen language.

4.

TASK 1. ARE THESE STATEMENTS
ABOUT THE CONCLUSION TRUE OR
FALSE?
• The conclusion summarizes and repeats
the main points of an essay.
• It includes practical application and further
research suggestions.
• It refers to the thesis statement.
• The conclusion includes some new ideas.
• It acknowledges the points that were not
discussed.
• (1.F, 2.T, 3.T, 4.F, 5.T)

5.

FEATURES OF A
CONCLUSION:
• Recap the topic/thesis statement
• Summarize main points of the essay/ Refer to findings of
research
• Acknowledge limitations of the essay
• Comment on implications/application of the findings
• Offer predictions for the further development/Identify
areas for further research

6.

WORK IN GROUPS AND DISCUSS TASKS
(PP.46-47)
Task 2. Ensuring coherence throughout an essay.

7.

Key points:
Traditional manufacturing
Emerging economies
The knowledge economy
Falling/lagging behind

8.

TASK
3
Work in pairs. Read the two possible conclusions, A and B, and discuss which one best
fits the essay outline in 1.
Does the conclusion …
1. Match the thesis given in the introduction?
2. Summarize the main points in the body paragraphs?
3. Express a stance consistent with the arguments in the introduction and main body?

9.

10.

SAMPLE
CONCLUSION
PARAGRAPHS

11.

THE FEATURES OF A GOOD
CONCLUSION
1. Recap the topic/thesis statement
2. Summarize main points of the essay by Referring to findings of research
3. Acknowledge limitations of the essay
4. Identify areas for further research and/or Offer predictions for the further development

12.

TASK 1. ANALYZE THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSION
1. Reference to thesis statement 2. Brief summary 3. Predictions 4. Commenting on ideas/developing ideas
1) While animal testing is a social concern for society and culture, there are ways that
people can and should work to eliminate this. One major way to do this is by
researching and investing in alternative testing measures. There are alternatives
that currently exist and are being used, but this needs to continue at a greater rate.
It should be continued with the current trend of investing in preventative
healthcare such as living a healthy lifestyle to help eliminate illnesses and the need
for medicines. People now know more than ever about the benefits and risks of
certain foods, products, and behaviors and there are huge opportunities to use this
for the good of all living beings. This is an important issue to tackle because the
way that people treat those who are not in a position of power, such as animals,
reflects on their identity. (From an essay about Animal Testing; source
https://bit.ly/3pd4qVY )

13.

LET’S ANALYSE THE FEATURES OF A GOOD CONCLUSION
FEATURES
SENTENCES
1. What does it refer to?
While animal testing is a social concern for society and culture, there are ways that
people can and should work to eliminate this. 1. Reference to thesis statement
2. What does the author
do here?
One major way to do this is by researching and investing in alternative testing
measures. There are alternatives that currently exist and are being used, but this
needs to continue at a greater rate. It should be continued with the current trend of
investing in preventative healthcare such as living a healthy lifestyle to help eliminate
2. Brief summary
illnesses and the need for medicines.
3. What does the author
state here?
This is an important issue to tackle because the way that people treat those who are
not in a position of power, such as animals, reflects on their identity.
3. Predictions
4. What does the author
add to the brief summary
with this sentence ?
People now know more than ever about the benefits and risks of certain foods,
products, and behaviors and there are huge opportunities to use this for the good of
all living beings. 4. Commenting on ideas/developing ideas
5. Does it have further
research suggestions
5. Not included

14.

• 1. Work in groups. Read the essay
title and outline below.
• Discuss what you understand by
creative and critical thinking skills.
• Check any other unknown
vocabulary
• Identify the aims stated in the
Introduction.
• Discuss what main points you
might expect to find in main body
paragraphs based on the outline.

15.

SAMPLE CONCLUSION EVALUATION
Does this conclusion:
1. Recap the topic/thesis statement1.
2. Summarize main points of the
essay
3. Refer to findings of research
4. Acknowledge limitations of the
essay
5. Identify areas for further research
6. Offer predictions for the further
development

16.

Conclusion 2. A discussion of how green buildings can be both environmentally
friendly and a profitable venture
Ways of decreasing the impact of construction on the
Does this conclusion have:
environment have been analyzed, and the way in which these
1. Recap the topic or of the thesis
solutions can result, to some extent, in higher profits for their
statement
investors has been explained. It is suggested that green buildings
can create additional value for the investor, since they reduce
2. Summary of main points of the
maintenance costs and thus increase profitability. Although only essay
the use of solar energy for heating and light has been analyzed, it
has been demonstrated how this usage can diminish the impact of
3. Refer to findings of research
building activities on the environment and increase the profits for
investors. However, this cannot be a global solution, since its
effectiveness is restricted to sites with sufficient intense sunlight. 4. Acknowledge limitations of the
essay
In other areas, the re-use of ‘grey’ water and the harvesting of
rainwater are alternative environmentally friendly solutions even
though the high cost of drinkable water decreases its feasibility as 5. Identify areas for further research
a profitable venture. Nonetheless, should these techniques
6. Offer predictions for the further
become widely used, and other cheaper solutions evolve, green
development
buildings might indeed become both a totally environmentally
friendly and a profitable solution. Source: Edited extract from
authentic student material

17.

PEER REVIEWING
1. Work in pairs. Exchange your conclusions with your partner.
2. Assess your partner's conclusion part using evaluation criteria
for essay conclusion.
3. Highlight each criterion your partner receives a score
4. Send the peer review file with your changes to your partner on
Teams 5. Feedback stage. Discuss most common mistakes in fulfilling
the task in the meeting in General criteria.

18.

LESSON
REFLECTION

19.

LET’S TAKE A QUIZ ON MOODLE – 5%
• Go to Moodle and start doing the quiz with Safe Exam Browser
• You will be given 35 minutes
• 30 multiple choice questions (Incorporating sources, dos and don'ts of
academic writing, conclusion paragraph)

20.

THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!

21.

THANKS FOR
YOUR
PARTICIPATION!