Surgical instruments & tools

1.

Surgical Instruments & Tools
Made by Mi k h ay l ov a M. V .
Gro u p 2 6 MC/ C
T h e t e ac h er: S t o y an ova L. V .

2.

Definition
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS ARE
TOOLS OR DEVICES THAT
PERFORM SUCH FUNCTIONS
AS CUTTING, DISSECTING,
GRASPING, HOLDING,
RETRACTING, OR SUTURING.

3.

Properties of surgical instruments
precisely manufactured tools;
must be resisted physical and chemical effects,
body fluids, secretions, cleaning agents and
sterilization;

4.

This instruments are generally made of:
Stainless steel;
Other metals (titanium, chromium, vanadium, and
molybdenum).

5.

Classification
Basic categories of surgical instruments include specialized implements for
the following functions:
cutting, grinding, and dissecting
clamping and occluding
grasping and holding
retracting and exposing
suturing and stapling
others (dilating or enlarging, viewing, suction)

6.

Сutting, grinding, and dissecting instruments
have sharp edges or tips;
used to dissect, incise, separate, or excise tissue.

7.

Scalpel (surgical blade)
used for cutting skin and tissue
handle and blade (fixed (conventional scalpel) or
separated)
manufacturers for these medical instruments include
Ansell, Aspen Surgical, Dynarex, McKesson, Miltex,
Robbins Instruments, and Swann-Morton.

8.

The Handle
The Blade

9.

Types of blades
10
11
12
15
20

10.

Scissors
Iris scissors are a type of scissors with short blades that was originally developed
for ophthalmic surgery.
Metzenbaum scissors designed for cutting delicate tissue and blunt dissection.
Mayo scissors are a type of surgical scissor, often used in the cutting of fascia.
Tenotomy Scissors are used for delicate dissection and cutting, commonly in
ophthalmologic, neurological, and plastic surgery procedures
Bandage/Dressing Scissors are angled tip scissors, with a blunt tip on the
bottom blade, which helps in cutting bandages without gouging the skin.

11.

Iris
Metzenbaum
Mayo
Tenotomy
Bandage

12.

Bone cutter&saw
A bone cutter and saw is a surgical instrument used to
cut or remove bones.

13.

Rasps
Surgical rasps are used in operations in the specialised
field of final prosthetics.

14.

Clamping & Occluding
used to compress blood vessels or hollow organs for
hemostasis or to prevent spillage of contents.

15.

Kelly Hemostat
is used to clamp larger vessels and tissue;
available in short and long sizes;
curved or straight.

16.

Mosquito Hemostat
The jaw contains transverse striations (good for the occlusion of
small vessels)

17.

Grasping and holding
used to grasp and hold tissue or blood vessels that may be in the
way during a surgical procedure.

18.

Forceps
Tweezer style
Scissors style

19.

Tweezer Style
pick-ups;
thumb forceps;
tissue forceps;
dressing forceps.

20.

Thumb forceps
are used to grasp tough tissue (fascia, breast).

21.

Adson pick ups
are either smooth: used to grasp delicate tissue;
with teeth: used to grasp the skin.

22.

Mayo-Hegar needle holders
are used to hold needles.

23.

Scissor Style

24.

Babcock
is used to grasp delicate tissue (intestine, fallopian tube, ovary).
available in short and long sizes.

25.

Kocher (Rochester-Ochsner)
is used to grasp heavy tissue.

26.

Retracting and Exposing
used to hold back or retract organs or tissue to gain
exposure to the operative site.

27.

Deaver retractor
is used to retract deep abdominal or chest incisions.

28.

Richardson retractor
is used to retract deep abdominal or chest incisions.

29.

An Army-Navy retractor
is used to retract shallow or superficial incisions.

30.

Skin Hooks
used for holding back the edges of skin during intranasal and
pharyngeal procedures.

31.

Suturing & Stapling
Needles
are typically made of steel;
come in different sizes;
have sharp or blunt tips;
straight or curved.
Sutures
used to hold together the edges of a wound or surgical incision.

32.

Suture
absorbable;
non Absorbable.

33.

Viewing
Surgeons can examine body cavities, hallow organs, or structures
with viewing instruments

34.

Speculums
Nasal
Vaginal
Rectum

35.

Endoscopes
rigid;
flexible.

36.

Types
Gastrointestinal tract esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
(esophagogastroduodenoscopy), small intestine (enteroscopy), large
intestine/colon (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy), bile duct, rectum (rectoscopy),
and anus (anoscopy).
Respiratory tract: Nose (rhinoscopy), lower respiratory tract (bronchoscopy).
Ear: Otoscopy
Urinary tract: Cystoscopy
Female reproductive tract (gynoscopy): Cervix (colposcopy), uterus
(hysteroscopy), fallopian tubes (falloposcopy).
Abdominal or pelvic cavity (laparoscopy), interior of a joint (arthroscopy),
organs of the chest (thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy).

37.

Suctions
In surgery suction can be used to remove blood from the area
being operated on to allow surgeons to view and work on the area

38.

Dilating or enlarging
used to induce dilation, that is, to expand an opening or passage such as
the cervix, urethra, esophagus.

39.

Thanks for your attention!