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Intro to international relations. Class 3
1.
PLS 150 INTRO TO INTERNATIONALRELATIONS
DR MAJA SAVEVSKA
Assistant Professor
Department of Political Science and International Relations
SSH | Nazarbayev University
Office: 8.502
Email: [email protected]
04-09-22
Intro to IR
Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
2.
Agenda for Week ThreeMonday
• Holiday
Wednesday
Friday
• Current
Events
(10min)
• Lecture on
constructivism
(40min)
• Current
Events (10
min)
• Lecture on
feminist
approaches
(40min)
3.
Current Events4.
Theoretical ApproachesRealism
Liberalism
Constructivism
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RealismMost important actor and level
of analysis
Main concern
Assumptions about states
Objectives
International system
Role of IOs
Central Variable
Liberalism/Neoliberal
Institutionalism
Constructivism
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Overview of Previous TheoriesRealism
Anarchy › self-help
States are
positional actors
Relative gains
Balance of power
Neo-Liberal Institutionalism
States are rational
actors: egotistic, but
not envious
Absolute gains
IOs facilitate
cooperation
7.
ConstructivismHISTORY
Response to
neorealism and
neoliberal
institutionalism
Late 1980s, early
1990s
MAIN PROPONENTS
Alexander Wendt,
John Ruggie, Nicolas
Onuf, Martha
Finnemore, Friedrich
Kratochwil
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ConstructivismSocial Facts
Social facts are very real (ex: institutions,
language, norms etc.)
They are products of the intersubjective
(collective) held beliefs
Social facts have causal properties, while
material facts are indeterminate
9.
ConstructivismSocial Facts
Global affairs are laden with social
facts:
Anarchy
During Cold War
After Cold War
Ex: Sovereignty
Treaty of Westphalia
Today R2P Norm
10.
ConstructivismMain Claim
Ideas and norms matter
Thus, we need to pay attention to
the intersubjective structure of
meaning and not the structure of
power
11.
ConstructivismIdeas and Norms
Norms assign meaning to material facts
Change in ideas can change behaviour
12.
ConstructivismSTATES
States are not self-interested rational
actors with fixed preference over time
States are utility maximizers but
perception of utility depends on
intersubjective understanding
13.
Fundamental DifferencesRational Choice
Actors have clear
and fixed
preferences over
outcomes
Constructivism
Preference are not
exogenously given,
but constructed
Interests cannot be
assumed from
behaviour, but must
be explained
Perception matters
14.
ConstructivismINTERNATIONAL SOCIEITY
Anarchy is what states make of it
Logic of appropriateness not of
consequences
Identity is not prior to international
society (no optimization prior to
socialization)
15.
ConstructivismInteractions
Interactions influences preference
Ex. Trade negotiations: persuasive argumentation
not just coercive bargaining
16.
Inter-Subjective UnderstandingTransnational
Non-State
Actors
States
International
Organizations
Communicative
action i.e.
discursive
practices
Ex: reporting,
monitoring,
shaming
Reconfiguration
of new identities.
Change in the
inter-subjective
understanding
17.
Case Study: US Grand Strategy TowardsRussia
Constructivism
Rational choice approaches
How would neorealists
and neoliberal
institutionalists explain
the rising US-Russia
tensions?
How would
constructivists explain
the shift in US foreign
policy towards Russia?
18.
Case Study: US Grand StrategyTowards Russia
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Case Study: US Grand StrategyTowards Russia
What would constructivists say about the US
withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear
Forces Treaty?
20.
Case Study: Shifting Perceptions inRussia
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Case Study: Shifting Perceptions inRussia
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Agenda for Week ThreeMonday
• Holiday
Wednesday
Friday
• Current
Events
(10min)
• Lecture on
constructivism
(40min)
• Current
Events (10
min)
• Lecture on
feminist
approaches
(40min)
23.
Current Events24.
Feminist ApproachesHISTORY
Feminist political
theory
Aftermath of Cold
War
MAIN PROPONENTS
J. Ann Tickner
Samanta Power
Cynthia Enloe
25.
Feminist ApproachesGender
Set of socially constructed characterises that
vary across time and places:
Woman – Man
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Feminist ApproachesGender
World is organized according to gendered
categories:
Masculinity
Femininity
These categories operate in a hierarchical manner
They institutionalize certain inequalities
27.
Videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgaOK74HqiA
28.
Feminist ApproachesIR
Women underrepresentation in politics
29.
Women underrepresentationWomen Heads of State/Governments
IPU’s data for 2021
9 women heads of states
13 women heads of government
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Women’s participation in parliament36.
ExerciseHow can we end gender discrimination?
Legal means:
Quotas
Bans on discrimination
Other means
37.
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Feminist ApproachesGendering Security
Gendering the Economy
39.
Feminist ApproachesGendering security
Myth of protection
Redefinition of security:
National security vs. individual
security
Sexual violence in war
Human trafficking
40.
Feminist ApproachesGendering the economy
Gendered division of labour
Non-remunerated work
Pay gap
41.
Gender Representation at theWorkforce
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Gender Representation at theWorkforce
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Q&ADr Maja
Savevska
Thank you for your attention