State structure of the Russian Federation

1.

State structure of the Russian
Federation

2.

State structure
The state structure of Russia is based on the principle of federalism. A federal state is a union of state entities,
each of which has a certain independence. The subjects of such a union state have the same status and equal
rights. It has its own state bodies that issue laws, and the government that organizes their implementation.
The Russian Federation consists of republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance, autonomous
regions, and autonomous districts.
The Republic has a constitution. A region, region, city of federal significance, autonomous region, or
autonomous district has a charter.
The Federal structure of the Russian Federation is based on its state integrity, the unity of the system of state
power, the delineation of responsibilities and powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation
and bodies of state power of subjects of the Russian Federation, the equality and self-determination of peoples
in the Russian Federation.
The Russian Federation consists of 88 federal subjects: 21 republics, 7 territories, 48 regions, 2 cities of federal
significance, 1 autonomous region, 9 autonomous districts. On December 1, 2005, the Perm Region and the
Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug were merged into the Perm Krai.
On March 31, 1992, the Federal Treaty (the collective name of the three treaties concluded between the Russian
Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation) was concluded. On
the division of subjects of competence and powers between the federal bodies of state power of the Russian
Federation and the authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

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State authorities of the Russian
Federation
The State carries out its activities through the State authorities. These bodies, each in its own field and in its
own specific methods, express the organizational role of the state in society. No public authority can have tasks
and powers that run counter to the functions of the State. According to the level of their activity, state
authorities are divided into federal bodies and state authorities of the subjects. Federal agencies include the
President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly, the Russian Government, the Russian constitutional
Court, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian
Federation and Executive bodies (Federal ministries and agencies) and the courts of the Russian Federation. The
system of state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation includes bodies created by their
constitutions (charters) and laws.
President of the Russian Federation. The President is the head of state, the guarantor of the Constitution, the
rights and freedoms of citizens. In accordance with the Constitution and federal laws, it determines the main
directions of the state's domestic and foreign policy, ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of
state authorities, and represents the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations. Power
ministries are subordinate to Him. It has the right of legislative initiative and suspensive veto over the adopted
laws, issues decrees, orders, addresses the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the
country, on the main directions of the state's foreign and domestic policy.

5.

Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The Federal Assembly is the legislative
body of the Russian Federation. This means that no legislative act of the Russian
Federation can be adopted without bypassing the Parliament, which has full
competence in the field of legislation. The Federal Assembly is a permanent body
and consists of two chambers — the Federation Council and the State Duma. The
State Duma represents the entire population of Russia, and the Federation Council
is called upon to express the interests of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
— The Federation Council consists of two representatives from each subject of the
Russian Federation: one from the representative and executive bodies of state
power.
— The State Duma consists of 450 deputies.
The Government of the Russian Federation. Executive power in the Russian
Federation is exercised by the Government. The Government of the Russian
Federation consists of the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers and federal
ministers.
The Government of the Russian Federation has a wide range of powers. Within its
competence, it implements the internal and foreign policy of the state, regulates the
socio-economic sphere, and ensures the unity of the executive power system.
The Government of the Russian Federation directs the work of ministries and other
federal executive bodies. The system of federal executive bodies includes ministries
of the Russian Federation, state committees of the Russian Federation, federal
commissions of Russia, federal services of Russia, Russian agencies, and federal
supervisors of Russia.

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State authorities of Russian Federation
Legislative assemblies of the subjects of the Russian Federation.The legislative Assembly of
constituent entities of the Russian Federation is the representative bodies of the population of the
Federation, its legislature. Development and consideration of draft legislative and other regulatory
legal acts, control over the implementation of laws and other decisions of the Parliament. The
powers of the legislative bodies of the subjects include:
- adoption and amendment of the constitution (charter) of the Subject of the Russian Federation;
- legislative regulation of issues related to the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the
subjects of the Russian Federation and issues related to the exclusive jurisdiction of the subjects of
the Russian Federation.
— approval of the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and programs for socio
– economic development
— establishment of local taxes and fees, the order of property management of the Russian
Federation.
Executive authorities in the subjects of the Russian Federation. An integral part of the system of
executive power in Russia is the executive bodies of state power of the subjects of the Russian
Federation.

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There are four types of executive authorities:
1. The executive authorities of the subject, headed by the President of the
Republic. In the republics, the President is both the head of the subject, the
highest official and the head of the executive branch;
2. Executive authorities, when they are headed by the government and its
head (Republic of Karelia);
3. The executive authorities of the subject, which are headed by the head of
the administration (governor, etc.). In such subjects, the government is not
formed.
4. Executive authorities – the head of the subject's administration, and a
collegial body – the government of the subject of the Russian Federation-is
subordinate to him.

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Organization of state power of the subjects
Powers of the highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation:
- has the right of legislative initiative in the legislative body of the subject of the Russian
Federation;
- represents the subject of the Russian Federation in relations with federal state bodies, other
subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies;
- signs and publishes the laws of the subject of the Russian Federation;
- forms the supreme executive body in accordance with the legislation of the subject of the Russian
Federation;
The judicial power of the Russian Federation. The judiciary is called upon to administer justice,
which is a type of State activity aimed at addressing and resolving social conflicts related to actual
or alleged violations of the law. The judicial system of the Russian Federation includes federal
courts and courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Federal courts include: The
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; The Supreme Court, the Supreme courts of the
republics, territorial and regional courts, courts of cities of Federal importance, courts of
Autonomous regions and Autonomous districts, district courts, specialized courts, the military,
constituting a system of Federal courts of General jurisdiction.

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The courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation include
constitutional (statutory) courts, justices of the peace.
Federal public authorities with a special status.
In Russia, there are state authorities that are not part of any of the
three authorities – legislative, executive and judicial. At the same time,
these bodies are created and operate in accordance with the
Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws. By their status,
they are independent bodies of State power.
Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. This is a single federal
centralized system of bodies that exercise supervision over the
implementation of laws in force on its territory on behalf of the Russian
Federation.
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Its main function is to
protect and ensure the stability of the ruble.
The Accounting Chamber of the Russian Federation. Exercises control
over the execution of revenue and expenditure items of the federal
budget and budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds, determines the
effectiveness and expediency of expenditures of state funds and federal
property.
Central Election Commission. Supervises the preparation and conduct of
elections and referendums in the Russian Federation
Commissioner for Human Rights. The Commissioner is called upon to
provide guarantees of state protection of the rights and freedoms of
citizens
State structure – the political and territorial organization of power that
determines the legal status of the regional parts of the state and their
relationship with the central government.

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